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Survey Procedures Sweep-Net Sampling Sweep-net sampling might be useful in alerting growers and officials to the presence of this pest. Procedure Use a sweep-net to collect adults in the crop foliage. Pheromone Lures Attygalle et al. (1995) identified (3E, 8Z, 11Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrien-1-yl acetate (E3Z8Z11-14Ac) as the major component of the female sexual pheromone for Tuta absoluta. Field evaluations conducted in Brazil showed that adding the minor component (3E,8Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (E3Z8-14Ac) to traps baited with the major component did not significantly increase male trap captures in the field (Filho et al., 2000). However, Ferrara et al. (2001) showed that a combination of attractants increased the number of trapped males. Svatos et al. (1996) suggest that the major and minor components should be used in a 90:10 proportion, respectively. Delta traps baited with pheromone were useful for the early detection of Tuta absoluta in greenhouse and field situations in Argentina (Botto and Riquelme, 2000). Both ISCA Technologies (USA) and Russell IPM Ltd. (United Kingdom) manufacture and sell synthetic pheromone lures containing a mixture of both components. Russell IPM rubber septa lures (marketed as Qlure-TUA) are loaded with different amounts of material (mixture of E3Z8Z11-14Ac and E3Z8-14Ac): 0.1mg, 0.3mg and 0.5mg. Procedure Pheromone lures can be used in pan traps, Delta traps, McPhail traps, and bucket traps. Pheromone lures should be replaced every 4 to 6 weeks (Russell IPM, 2009f). 4-10 Tomato Leafminer 6/2011 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Survey Procedures Rubber septa lures are loaded with different amounts of synthetic pheromone (0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.5 mg). The lure with 0.3mg is suitable for most survey applications, while the low load lure (0.1mg) is useful to survey in enclosed buildings such as packing and sorting houses. The high load lure (0.5mg) is suitable for trapping in open fields (Al-Zaidi, 2009). Table 4-1 Trapping Location and Selection of Pheromone Lure Load If this trapping location: Then use this lure load (mg): Enclosed buildings 0.1 Most survey locations 0.3 Open fields 0.5 Some companies that manufacture and market pheromone lures also market the traps, or else offer complete monitoring systems for Tuta absoluta. Notable among these are ISCA Technologies (United States), Russell IPM Ltd. (United Kingdom), Koppert Biological Systems (Netherlands), and PRI PHEROBANK (Netherlands). For further information, contact the EDP-National Survey Supply Coordinator. Trapping With Pheromone Lures Pan Traps Pan traps consist of a plastic container holding water and a pheromone lure. The traps can vary in shape (circular, rectangular), volume of water, and lure placement (Figure 4-6 on page 4-12, Figure 4-7 on page 4-12, Figure 4-8 on page 4-12, and Figure 4-9 on page 4-13). France has recommended a circular pan trap with a 30-cm diameter (FREDON-Corse, 2009a) that holds 3.5 liters of water (ASOCOA, 2010). The lure is secured above the water with a wire attached at both ends of the container. Other pan traps have a built-in holding area for the pheromone lure which protects it from direct sunlight. A small amount of vegetable oil or soap should be added to the water (Koppert, 2010) to reduce surface tension so the insect is trapped in the water and not on the surface where it can escape (MEM, 2010). Some pan traps are equipped with a system to help maintain the water level in the trap. 6/2011 Tomato Leafminer 4-11 Emergency and Domestic Programs
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United States Department of Agricul
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Contents 1 Tomato Leafminer Content
Page 5 and 6: Contents Traceback and Trace-Forwar
Page 7 and 8: Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1
Page 9 and 10: Figures 1 Tomato Leafminer Figure 2
Page 11 and 12: Tables 1 Tomato Leafminer Table 1-1
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements 2 Tomato Leafminer
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction Tomato Leafminer 1 C
Page 17 and 18: Introduction Initiating an Emergenc
Page 19 and 20: Introduction The Introduction conta
Page 21 and 22: Introduction Boldfacing Boldfaced t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Transmittal Number The
Page 25 and 26: 2 Pest Tomato Leafminer Information
Page 27 and 28: Pest Information Povolny (1964) des
Page 29 and 30: Pest Information predictive pest ma
Page 31 and 32: Pest Information Hosts Hosts report
Page 33 and 34: Pest Information A recent report fr
Page 35 and 36: Pest Information The authors also r
Page 37 and 38: Pest Information When outside of th
Page 39 and 40: Pest Information Larvae of Tuta abs
Page 41 and 42: 3 Identification Tomato Leafminer 1
Page 43 and 44: Identification Figure 3-1 Tuta abso
Page 45 and 46: Identification Figure 3-4 Tuta abso
Page 47 and 48: 4 Survey Tomato Leafminer Procedure
Page 49 and 50: Survey Procedures Detection Survey
Page 51 and 52: Survey Procedures Targeted Survey C
Page 53 and 54: Survey Procedures 4. Record the ave
Page 55: Survey Procedures Figure 4-4 Tuta a
Page 59 and 60: Survey Procedures Figure 4-9 Pan Tr
Page 61 and 62: Survey Procedures McPhail Traps McP
Page 63 and 64: Survey Procedures Guidelines for To
Page 65 and 66: Survey Procedures Table 4-4 High Ri
Page 67 and 68: Survey Procedures Data Collection R
Page 69 and 70: 5 Regulatory Tomato Leafminer Proce
Page 71 and 72: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 73 and 74: Regulatory Procedures Regulated Are
Page 75 and 76: 6 Control Tomato Leafminer Procedur
Page 77 and 78: Control Procedures Treatments can i
Page 79 and 80: Control Procedures In particular, v
Page 81 and 82: Control Procedures Managing Insecti
Page 83 and 84: Control Procedures Similar Species
Page 85 and 86: Control Procedures Table 6-3 Insect
Page 87 and 88: Control Procedures tomatoes, pepper
Page 89 and 90: Control Procedures control of tomat
Page 91 and 92: Control Procedures ◆ Crop rotatio
Page 93 and 94: Control Procedures Procedure— 1.
Page 95 and 96: Control Procedures combination of s
Page 97 and 98: Control Procedures Table 6-7 Biolog
Page 99 and 100: Control Procedures Environmental Do
Page 101 and 102: 7 Environmental Tomato Leafminer Co
Page 103 and 104: Environmental Compliance Environmen
Page 105 and 106: Environmental Compliance consider i
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8 Pathways Tomato Leafminer 1 Conte
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Pathways Table 8-1 European and Med
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Pathways Table 8-2 Countries Consid
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Pathways Table 8-3 Import Requireme
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Pathways Table 8-4 Import Statistic
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Pathways Perú, Poland, Portugal (i
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Pathways Table 8-5 Shipping Weight
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Pathways sicum esculentum), potato
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Pathways Natural Spread Adults of T
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Pathways Finally, end-consumers mig
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References 2 Tomato Leafminer 7 CFR
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References Brambila, J., S. Lee, an
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References EPA. 2006. Reregistratio
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References EPPO. 2009r. New data on
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References Faria, C. A., J. B. Torr
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References IRAC. 2007. Tomato leafw
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References Mallia, D. 2009. Guideli
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References Picanço, M. C. 2006. IR
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References Russell IPM Ltd. 2009b.
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References Uchoa-Fernandes, M. A.,
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A Forms Tomato Leafminer 1 Contents
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Forms OMB Information According to
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Forms Table A-1 Instructions for Co
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Forms PPQ 523 Emergency Action Noti
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Forms Table A-2 Instructions for Co
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B Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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C Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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D Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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E Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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F How to Submit Insect Specimens 1
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How to Submit Insect Specimens Dry
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G Taxonomic Tomato Leafminer Suppor
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Other
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Lab:
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Data
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Tomato Leafminer Index 1 A acknowle
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smuggling of infested commodities 8
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1 - Phytosanitary Resources

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