1 - Phytosanitary Resources

Control Procedures
control of tomato pinworm on tomato. Chlorpyrifos is banned for use on
tomatoes in the United States (EPA, 2006). Most organophosphates and
pyrethroids are highly toxic to bees and beneficial insects.
Fumigation
Follow the guidelines in the USDA–APHIS–PPQ Treatment Manual (PPQ,
2009d) for using methyl bromide fumigation to treat tomatoes from Chile that
are potentially infested with Tuta absoluta.
Irradiation
Laboratory studies on the effect of gamma radiation on life stages of Tuta
absoluta were conducted in Brazil (Arthur, 2002). The lethal dose for T.
absoluta eggs was found to be 100 Gy; the dose preventing larvae from
completing development was 200 Gy; the dose for pupae that prevented adult
emergence was 300 Gy. Overall, a dose of 300 Gy was found to be lethal to all
stages of T. absoluta. The dose that resulted in sterile adults when pupae were
treated with gamma radiation was 200 Gy.
Additional studies by Arthur reported that the lethal dose of gamma radiation
for eggs of Tuta absoluta is 70 Gy (Groppo and Arthur, 1997). The discrepancy
between the 1997 and 2002 report could be due to experimental design. In the
2002 paper, radiation dosages tested were in increments of 50 Gy. As such, 70
Gy would have not been used in that set of experiments. Arthur and Groppo
(2007) further reported that the sterilizing doses for treated females and treated
males out-crossed to untreated adults of the opposite gender are 150 and 200
Gy, respectively. Laboratory studies on the effect of X-rays on life stages of T.
absoluta are being conducted in Argentina (Cagnotti et al, 2010).
The effects of gamma irradiation on different stages of Tuta absoluta were
summarized in Table 6-5 on page 6-16.
6/2011 Tomato Leafminer 6-15
Emergency and Domestic Programs