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Survey Procedures lures and a specific light frequency that is highly attractive to Tuta absoluta. The trap has a reported improved effectiveness (over the standard pheromone trap) of 200 to 300 percent. Survey Locations Conduct surveys in fields and greenhouses in which the commercial host plants of Tuta absoluta are growing. Refer to Table 2-3 on page 2-8 for a list of host plants. High Risk Areas High risk areas from which Tuta absoluta can spread to other areas were recently identified by Russel IPM (Al-Zaidi, 2009). The list of high risk areas has been modified or broadened to include all commercial hosts of Tuta absoluta. Where possible, use pheromone-baited traps with simultaneous scouting for eggs and early signs of damage (Riquelme, 2009). Careful examination of these areas in order to detect the presence of other stages, particularly pupae, is warranted. According to the guidelines for managing Tuta absoluta at tomato packing sites in the United Kingdom, the optimal placement for pheromone traps is in areas where tomatoes are regularly disturbed, such as near packing lines, grading areas, or quality control areas. If tomato consignments are left undisturbed or are covered overnight, moths are not likely to fly about and be attracted and captured in the pheromone traps (FERA, 2009a). These guidelines should be broadened to include all commercial hosts of Tuta absoluta. The areas listed in Table 4-4 on page 4-19 were identified as high risk. 4-18 Tomato Leafminer 6/2011 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Survey Procedures Table 4-4 High Risk Areas for Tuta absoluta 1 ◆ Nurseries selling seedlings (for transplant) to farmers ❖ Compost storage area ❖ Every stage of production of seedlings ◆ Production farms ❖ Reception area ❖ Sorting and packing ❖ Truck loading area ❖ Waste disposal area ◆ Composting facilities recycling plant waste from production farms ❖ Raw plants reception area ❖ Composting area ❖ Compost storage area ◆ Wholesale vegetable markets ❖ Reception area of incoming trucks ❖ Stores of bulk vegetables ◆ Vegetable repacking and distribution centers ❖ Reception area on incoming trucks ❖ Washing and packing lines ◆ Food processing/salad packing/vegetable processing plants ❖ Reception area of incoming trucks ❖ Washing and processing area ◆ Border crossings ❖ Custom inspection area ❖ Truck waiting yards 1 Russel IPM (Al-Zaidi, 2009). Timing of Surveys Tuta absoluta is a multivoltine species (EPPO, 2005; Vargas, 1970). Given its biology, greenhouse surveys for T. absoluta should be conducted year-round, because environmental conditions inside these structures would allow continuous and overlapping generations to develop. Surveys in field grown host plants should begin as soon as seedlings are well-established. Times of the year will vary depending on geographical location. 6/2011 Tomato Leafminer 4-19 Emergency and Domestic Programs
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United States Department of Agricul
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Contents 1 Tomato Leafminer Content
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Contents Traceback and Trace-Forwar
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Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1
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Figures 1 Tomato Leafminer Figure 2
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Tables 1 Tomato Leafminer Table 1-1
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements 2 Tomato Leafminer
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction Tomato Leafminer 1 C
Page 17 and 18: Introduction Initiating an Emergenc
Page 19 and 20: Introduction The Introduction conta
Page 21 and 22: Introduction Boldfacing Boldfaced t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Transmittal Number The
Page 25 and 26: 2 Pest Tomato Leafminer Information
Page 27 and 28: Pest Information Povolny (1964) des
Page 29 and 30: Pest Information predictive pest ma
Page 31 and 32: Pest Information Hosts Hosts report
Page 33 and 34: Pest Information A recent report fr
Page 35 and 36: Pest Information The authors also r
Page 37 and 38: Pest Information When outside of th
Page 39 and 40: Pest Information Larvae of Tuta abs
Page 41 and 42: 3 Identification Tomato Leafminer 1
Page 43 and 44: Identification Figure 3-1 Tuta abso
Page 45 and 46: Identification Figure 3-4 Tuta abso
Page 47 and 48: 4 Survey Tomato Leafminer Procedure
Page 49 and 50: Survey Procedures Detection Survey
Page 51 and 52: Survey Procedures Targeted Survey C
Page 53 and 54: Survey Procedures 4. Record the ave
Page 55 and 56: Survey Procedures Figure 4-4 Tuta a
Page 57 and 58: Survey Procedures Rubber septa lure
Page 59 and 60: Survey Procedures Figure 4-9 Pan Tr
Page 61 and 62: Survey Procedures McPhail Traps McP
Page 63: Survey Procedures Guidelines for To
Page 67 and 68: Survey Procedures Data Collection R
Page 69 and 70: 5 Regulatory Tomato Leafminer Proce
Page 71 and 72: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 73 and 74: Regulatory Procedures Regulated Are
Page 75 and 76: 6 Control Tomato Leafminer Procedur
Page 77 and 78: Control Procedures Treatments can i
Page 79 and 80: Control Procedures In particular, v
Page 81 and 82: Control Procedures Managing Insecti
Page 83 and 84: Control Procedures Similar Species
Page 85 and 86: Control Procedures Table 6-3 Insect
Page 87 and 88: Control Procedures tomatoes, pepper
Page 89 and 90: Control Procedures control of tomat
Page 91 and 92: Control Procedures ◆ Crop rotatio
Page 93 and 94: Control Procedures Procedure— 1.
Page 95 and 96: Control Procedures combination of s
Page 97 and 98: Control Procedures Table 6-7 Biolog
Page 99 and 100: Control Procedures Environmental Do
Page 101 and 102: 7 Environmental Tomato Leafminer Co
Page 103 and 104: Environmental Compliance Environmen
Page 105 and 106: Environmental Compliance consider i
Page 107 and 108: 8 Pathways Tomato Leafminer 1 Conte
Page 109 and 110: Pathways Table 8-1 European and Med
Page 111 and 112: Pathways Table 8-2 Countries Consid
Page 113 and 114: Pathways Table 8-3 Import Requireme
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Pathways Table 8-4 Import Statistic
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Pathways Perú, Poland, Portugal (i
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Pathways Table 8-5 Shipping Weight
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Pathways sicum esculentum), potato
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Pathways Natural Spread Adults of T
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Pathways Finally, end-consumers mig
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References 2 Tomato Leafminer 7 CFR
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References Brambila, J., S. Lee, an
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References EPA. 2006. Reregistratio
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References EPPO. 2009r. New data on
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References Faria, C. A., J. B. Torr
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References IRAC. 2007. Tomato leafw
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References Mallia, D. 2009. Guideli
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References Picanço, M. C. 2006. IR
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References Russell IPM Ltd. 2009b.
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References Uchoa-Fernandes, M. A.,
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A Forms Tomato Leafminer 1 Contents
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Forms OMB Information According to
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Forms Table A-1 Instructions for Co
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Forms PPQ 523 Emergency Action Noti
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Forms Table A-2 Instructions for Co
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B Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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C Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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D Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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E Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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F How to Submit Insect Specimens 1
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How to Submit Insect Specimens Dry
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G Taxonomic Tomato Leafminer Suppor
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Other
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Lab:
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Data
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Tomato Leafminer Index 1 A acknowle
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smuggling of infested commodities 8
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