12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow The major aim of this article is to provide / discuss the emerging trends in environment management and evolve sustainable management strategies to solve the burning environmental problems. Microwave enhanced synthesis has attracted substantial attention in recent years, enabling many organic reactions to proceed much faster, higher yields and formation of cleaner products than conventional heating is employed. Microwave irradiation has become a powerful synthetic tool for rapid synthesis of a variety of organic compounds. Microwave assisted reactions have attracted much interest because of the simplicity in operation, milder reaction conditions, increasing reaction rates Microwave synthesis is one of them, which involves modified engineering, practices, bioremediation, eco-friendly reaction media and concept of atom economy leading to almost zero waste. It clearly differentiates the grey synthetic processes with that of green natural processes having strategic objectives with social and environmental benefits. Within the framework of ‘Green Chemistry’ we have now developed an environmentally friendly and novel approach for the synthesis of (E)-4-(substituted benzylidene)-2-phenyl-1-(5-(pyridin-4-yl) 1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)- one. The title compounds were prepared by the reaction of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-amine with various (Z)-4-(substituted benzylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)- one by using modified domestic microwave oven. The structure of these compounds was assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR spectral data. The compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus (grampositive) and E. coli (gram-negative) bacteria and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger fungi. ROLL OFF RATE OF AEROSOL BACKSCATTER PROFILES OF MICROPULSE LIDAR OF GUWAHATI UNIVERSITY ON IDENTIFICATION OF CLOUD TYPE AT DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS B. Choudhury, M. Devi, A.K. Barbara and H. Goswami Department of Physics, Gauhati University email: bandita.choudhury8@gmail.com The aim of this paper is to describe an approach for identifying ‘cloud type’ from echogram of backscatter and extinction coefficient ‘profile-shape’, obtained from Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) operated at Guwahati. The Lidar that transmits 532 nm signal at 5 KHz PRF (Pulse Repetitive Frequency) can receive cloud and aerosol features up to 88
National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow heights of 5 to 15 km respectively with a resolution of 15-30 m. With bin time of 100 ns and average integrating time of 20s for one profile, the backscatter counts could offer profiles of high temporal resolution. Utilizing the system–character, the backscatter count and extinction coefficient of aerosols are examined in temporal resolution of a minute or less for extraction of cloud–aerosol association at different environmental situations. The basic approach adopted here is through determination of Roll Off rate of decay of the intensity profile (both for backscatter count and extinction coefficient) of each echogram as tail carries the information of mixed population of the scatterers in the atmosphere. Utilizing character of Roll Off rate from a number of echograms covering different periods of a year, the paper offers how identification of precipitating and non precipitating cloud is possible from an MPL system. The contribution of dust particles in modifying the aerosol-cloud interaction is also investigated. ASSESSING IMPACT OF EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS IN INDIA Ajay Singh and Anand Patwardhan SJM SOM, IIT Bombay. email: ajay@som.iitb.ac.in, anand@som.iitb.ac.in Extreme weather events have enormous impacts on socio-economic and ecosystems. There is increasing consensus about shift in frequency as well as in magnitude of extreme weather events in changing climate due to augmentation in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and aerosols. India is additionally vulnerable to climatic extremes due to high population density, poor infrastructure, low human development index and minimal coping capacity. In this scenario it is important to look at damage caused by climate extremes over India, spatially and temporally. Impacts data constitute information about mortality, persons affected, villages affected, crops affected and total economic loss. All extreme weather events combined together show significant increasing trend in impact. Significant increasing impacts are observed in case of duststorm, flood, hailstorm and lightening. Floods share maximum impacts caused by climate extremes. Spatially, total mortality due to the extreme climate events is maximum in Orissa. It also stands first in normalized mortality. Cold wave has significant increasing trend in impact on Haryana, Rajasthan and West Bengal, whereas significant decreasing trend in Madhya Pradesh. The states showing greater number of events do not necessarily depict higher impact. Thus adaptive capacity and resilience of the society to the climate extremes play important roles on overall impact on the system. Finally policy implications of impacts of these events and future work have been discussed. 89
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12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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