12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow because a large number of people is exposed to it and in excess PM is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The present study deals with the assessment of ambient air quality with respect to Non Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (NRSPM >10 µm), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM or PM 10 ≤10 µm) and trace metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) in particulates at five locations around a coal based thermal power plant, situated in eastern Uttar Pradesh during winter and summer seasons. The 24 hrs mean concentration of NRSPM was found to be in the range of 160.8 to 249.0 μg m -3 and RSPM ranged between 85.5 and 232.3 μg m -3 . The RSPM level was found to be above the permissible limit (100 μg m -3 ) of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) except at one location (control site). The 24 hrs mean concentration of metals in NRSPM at all the locations was found in the order of Fe (15.390) < Zn (1.971) < Cu ( 0.364) < Cr (0.243) < Pb (0.221), whereas in RSPM it was Fe (1.402) < Zn ( 0.330) < Pb (0.243) < Cu (0.126) < Cr (0.015) . The ambient air was dominated mostly by Fe and the least by Cr among the metals analysed. The result reveals that continuous exposure at a high level of PM may affect the respiratory and cardiovascular system and cause other health related problems in local people and needs detailed epidemiological study as well as characterisation of PM. RAINWATER CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT VARANASI, INDIA: A REPRESENTATIVE EASTERN INDO GANGETIC-PLAIN SITE D.S. Bisht 1 , S. Tiwari 1 , A.K. Srivastava 1 , B.P. Singh 2 , D.M. Chate 1 and Manoj K. Srivastava 2* 1 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 2 Department of Geophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi *email: mksriv@gmail.com A comprehensive study on the chemical composition has been collected for monsoon season rainwater (June-September) for Varanasi, India, in the campus of Banaras Hindu University for the year 2009. Samples have been analyzed for pH, conductivity, anions (F-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-) and cations (NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). pH is found to range between 5.61 and 6.85 with an average of 6.03 (±0.39) indicating alkaline nature of rainwater. The analysis of the studied variables shows that the neutralization of the rainwater occurred in precipitation samples, with major contribution of Ca ++ . Source identification of chemical species of rainwater, done by principle component analyses, informed that the three components, which accounted for 87% variance, were sea salts spray (Na+ and Cl−) accounted for 13.7%, soil particles of natural origin, (Mg2+, Ca2+ and HCO3−, NH4+) accounted for 63.4%, where 54
National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow ammonium is due to bacterial action on nitrogen compounds in the soil and biomass burning, together. The non sea salt (nss) fraction analyses suggest that the contribution of nss- SO 4 -- is 94%. The acidic pollutants, such as sulphate and nitrate are derived by long distance transport, local industrial as well as traffic sources. The major sources of nitrate in this area are emissions of oxides of nitrogen from automobiles, biomass burning and soil. The results of this study suggest that the rainwater chemistry is strongly influenced by local pollution as well as anthropogenic sources. A CASE STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL DIOXIN INCREASE IN HARYANA: THREAT FOR HIGH CANCER RISK IN THE STATE Ajay Kumar Gupta Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana) email: akgupta.in@gmail.com Strong evidences have emerged that food and environment are major causes of cancer in human population. Dioxins emitted from various industrial processes and diesel combustion are proven human carcinogen, as per USEPA and ICRA. A case study of dioxin release from auto-rickshaws, crude diesel generators, municipal waste burning and industrial combustion was done in Yamuna Nagar district, Haryana. There is a regular incomplete combustion of 69,131,00 liters or 5599 Metric Tons (MT) of Diesel, annually, by Auto-Rickshaws & unapproved crude diesel generators used by the public and 15,330 MT of solid wastes burning every year, releasing total dioxin emission more than 370 MT in the environment. Dioxin is such a dangerous carcinogen that 0.1 microgram per liter of air causes 10 cancer cases. What is more important that while smoke released by Industries is released above 30 feet but the smoke containing dioxin released by auto-rickshaws, unapproved diesel generators, and municipal waste burning in open remains at lowest strata upto 10 feet where human population breathes more, thus inhaling even higher doses of dioxin per day. Out of approximate 400 cancer cases in the district, 209 cases are estimated to be due to dioxins alone! This district model of dioxin related carcinogenesis could be well extended to other cities as well. The policy makers and pollution law enforcing agencies need to swing into action for absolute curb on emission of dreaded dioxin in the environment. They need to realize that they also breath the same dioxin contaminated air that their fellow countrymen breath. 55
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12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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