12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’
12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow
floods on a differentiable n-manifold (M). The Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE)
in a differentiable manifold has been studied by many scientists viz., P. Levy, F. Perrin.
The existence and uniqueness theorem of SDE in an n-dimensional Euclidean space has
been established by K.Ito. In his paper, Ito has defined an n-dimensional manifold M, a
Hausdorff space with second countability axiom and with coordinate neighborhoods,
each homeomorphic to the interior of a sphere of n-dimensional Euclidean space and
also defined a continuous random motion in M as a M-valued function π (t, w) of t and
w to which is measurable in w to for each t and continuous in t for each w. The obvious
question arises whether a random motion is defined in such a space Al. It is possible to
define a random motion on a differentiable manifold (a locally compact space) and it
may be noted that if the manifold is connected (it is always locally connected) then it is
a metric space also. Now there arises an obvious problem if we switch on from a locally
compact metric space to an n-manifold which is compact, connected and Hausdorff.
Generally, a differentiable n-manifold cannot be defined by a single chart; rather
on an n-manifold more than one chart exists. Naturally, under a change of basis more
than one vector fields would occur corresponding to each chart and the latter one
depends on the former. Thus the present paper establishes the qualitative study viz.,
existence and uniqueness theorem.
VEGETATION AND CLIMATE HISTORY FROM
KUSUMELLI SWAMP, SEHORE DISTRICT, MADHYA
PRADESH SINCE EARLY HOLOCENE
Poonam Verma and M.R. Rao
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226007.
email: verma.poonam07@gmail.com
The present study deals with the reconstruction of vegetation and climate since
Early Holocene through pollen analysis from two profiles of Kusumelli Swamp Sehore
district, Madhya Pradesh. Based on changing relative frequencies of major arboreal and
non arboreal taxa, three pollen zones (KDC-1 to KDC-3 and KDT-1 to KDT-3) of
vegetation and corresponding climate fluctuations have been recognized from KDC
core of 1.5m and KDT trench of 1m respectively.
KDC zone-1 exhibits diverse floristic and dense augmentation of flora. Madhuca
indica, Buchanania lanza, Butea monosperma, Shorea robusta, Terminalia sp., Tectona
grandis, etc are major deciduous trees. In addition, few dry deciduous taxa i.e.
Holoptelea sp., Lannea sp., Diospyros sp., Flacourtia sp., Acacia sp. and Meliaceae
also encountered. The floristic suggests a mixed tropical deciduous forest developed in
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