12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow EVOLUTION OF SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN HIMALAYAN GLACIERS DURING ABLATION SEASON- A CASE STUDY FROM BHAGIRATHI BASIN OF GLACIERS, GARHWAL HIMALAYA Amit Kumar 1 , Pratap Singh 2 and Naval Kishore 1 1 Department of Geology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 2 TAHAL India, 311, 3rd Floor, Ansal Bhawan 16, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi – 110 001 email: amithydrocoin@gmail.com Himalayan rivers are the continuous source of water because of having huge amount of snow and glacier covered areas. Runoff contribution from the glaciers to Himalayan rivers starts in the month of May after depletion of accumulated seasonal snow, depending upon the climatic conditions. Presently, Himalaya is under increasing pressure due to growing demand for fresh water in the country due to increasing population and industrial development. Hydrological investigations of Himalayan glaciers become inevitable because of their importance mainly as water resources, as well as in hydroelectric power generation. Number of projects like Bhakra at Satluj and Tehri at Bhagirathi and other Runoff river projects heavily depend on melt runoff generated from melting of snow and glaciers. Melt contribution from these glaciers continues till October. To understand melt generation processes from glaciated basins, two glaciers from Bhagirathi basin have been selected for the present study. Gangotri and Dokriani are well known glaciers from Garhwal Himalaya, dimensions of these two glaciers are different, so comparative results also suggest the general picture of melting processes. Analysis of discharge and air temperature suggested that melt-water generated from these glaciers come into sight as runoff with different time–lags during ablation season (May-Oct). In order to understand this, hourly temperature and discharge data were collected near the snout of the glaciers (3800 m.a.s.l) for the entire ablation period (May-Oct). In the early stages of advancement of ablation season, merge drainage network due to the seasonal snow cover resulted runoff with higher time lag at snout. The time-lag is reduced with the advancement in melt season because of the efficient and well developed drainage network. The channelized drainage system results due to the exposed ice surface, reduction of snow covered area and snow depth. 12
National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow CLIMATE-TECTONIC CONTROL ON ALLUVIAL FAN SEDIMENTATION IN THE PIEDMONT ZONE OF THE WEST GANGA PLAIN Pradeep K. Goswami * and Jay K. Mishra Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 002 *email: drpgoswmai@yahoo.com In the Piedmont Zone (PZ) of the western Ganga Plain, two different morphostratigraphic surfaces, separated by an erosional contact, have been identified on the alluvial fan of the Malin River. The lower surface extends up to the distal part, whereas the upper surface is restricted only to proximal and medial parts of the fan. The lower surface comprises facies of dominantly the sediment-gravity flow and fluidgravity flow processes in the proximal and mid fan areas. In the distal part, however, the lower part of the lower surface comprises facies only of sediment-gravity and fluidgravity flow process, whereas the upper part comprises only the fuvial facies. The upper surface, on the other hand, is dominated by sediment-gravity flow facies in the proximal area, and sediment-gravity and fluid-gravity flows facies in the mid fan area (i.e. the distal part of this upper surface). These two stratigraphic surfaces represent two different evolutionary cycles of the fan. The older cycle represented by the lower surface was formed under the conditions of ample water availability, corresponding to wet climatic conditions, during which sediments were transported and deposited up to the distal fan area. In contrast, the younger cycle represented by the upper surface was formed under the conditions of less water availability, corresponding to the dry climatic conditions, when the sediments were deposited mainly by sediment gravity flows under intermittent short lived events of high rain fall. These flows were not powerful enough to carry the sediments for longer distances down the fan.While the flushing out of sediments from the drainage basin is climatically controlled, the sediment production seems to be controlled by tectonic and climate driven processes. Presently, the water flow of the Malin river is confined to a single channel entrenched by a few meters up to the medial part of the fan due to activity along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) passing through the proximal part of the fan. Thus, the fluvial and fluid-gravity flow processes are not depositing sediments on the fan surface. 13
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12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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