12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow MEASUREMENTS OF FIREWORKS GASEOUS EMISSIONS DURING DIWALI FESTIVAL AT DELHI Bablu Kumar, Sudha Singh, Gyan Prakash Gupta and U C Kulshrestha * School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067 *email: umeshkulshrestha@yahoo.in On the occasion of Diwali, burning of fireworks emit huge amount of gaseous as well as particulate pollutants in the atmosphere. Often the levels of SO x and NO x are reached beyond permissible limits which can cause serious health problems such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases, reproductive problems etc. The present study reports the results of a case study carried out during Diwali, 2010. On the day of Diwali (November 5, 2010), concentrations of all the gaseous species were noticed extremely high. The air ambient levels of chlorine, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen increased from 118, 13, 7 to 860, 1227, 34 respectively on Diwali night respectively. This huge increase in concentrations of these gaseous species can be attributed to the burning of raw material of fireworks. Estimate showed that approximately 60 tonnes of S and 1.8 tonnes of N were deposited on this occasion at Delhi. STUDY OF OZONE CONCENTRATIONS DURING THE FESTIVAL OF DIWALI: A CASE STUDY OF NEW DELHI Siddhartha Singh and S.K. Peshin India Meteorological Department, Mausam Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110003 The changes in atmospheric Ozone concentration at New Delhi in India, during the festival of Diwali has been studied using Ozone data obtained from earth probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP – TOMS), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), surface ozone values were measured using electrochemical method and data obtained from Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, for the period 2003 – 2010. Compared to the normally observed ozone levels, the ozone concentration was found to peak either on, or a few days after Diwali and decrease thereafter. The ozone levels were found to exhibit an increasing trend during Diwali for the years 2003 – 2010. The surface Ozone values were found to be exceeding the national standards for ambient air quality (120 ppbv) indicating high levels of ozone pollution. 48
National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow SPATIAL ASYMMETRY OF TEMPERATURE TRENDS OVER INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN AND POSSIBLE ROLE OF AEROSOLS D.R. Kothawale Indian Institute of Tropical meteorology, Pune email: kotha@tropmet.res.in Increase in greenhouse gases viz., CO 2 , CH 4 , CFCs, N 2 O etc. and water vapour in the atmosphere are mainly responsible for the temperature warming, while aerosols in the atmosphere through their negative radiative forcing are responsible for lowering the land surface temperatures. Keeping this view, we examined dissimilarities of temperature trends both in space and time over the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) to look for signatures of aerosols influence. IGP temperature time series have been prepared for dry (November-May) and wet (June-October) seasons for the period 1901-2007 and trends for the entire period and different sub periods of 1901-50, 1951-1990 and 1991- 2007 have been examined to isolate the aerosol and other greenhouse gas influences on temperatures. Similarly, for IGP, Aerosol Index (AI) monthly time series are prepared for the period 1979- 2005 (1993-1996 data is missing). Maximum (day-time) temperatures during dry season corresponding to IGP region showed significant warming trend of 0.8°C per hundred years during the period 1901-2007. While, minimum temperature showed nebulous trend of 0.2°C per hundred years over IGP region. During the wet season, maximum temperature shows nearly half of dry season maximum temperature warming trend. However, asymmetry is observed in dry season maximum temperature trend during post industrial period 1951-1990 wherein IGP shows decreasing trend, while during the recent period 1991-2007 trend is positive. Spatial and temporal asymmetry in observed trends clearly point to the role of aerosols in lowering temperature trends over IGP. AI showed pronounced increasing trend for the months March, April, May, June and July. Increasing trend in the month of July might be due to occurrence deficient monsoon years during the study period. There is very little or no trend in AI for monsoon months August, September and October. In the post-industrial era, after 1951, IGP region during dry season, maximum temperatures show decreasing trend until 1990, while notable positive trend is observed there after up to 2007. The negative radiative forcing of aerosols dominates the temperature trends over IGP region during 1951-90 period and after 1991 it appears that the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and black carbon are more than compensating the aerosol related cooling and hence warming trends ensued. 49
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12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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