12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow - Earth Science India

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National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow PLASTICS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS S. Kapoor and V.P. Sharma Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001 Plastics and polymeric products are ubiquitous material of choice and find multiple applications in our regular activities. Climate change is likely to effect population in future and transform the lifestyle and wellbeing of billions of people at increased risk. It is widely accepted that even after introducing significant measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, additional global warming is inevitable. It has significant global economic, social and environmental implications. There is a growing recognition that planning for changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme events may pose the challenging problems for natural resource managers. The waste generation is quite obvious and needs attention towards its management. Plastic wastes that are dumped in landfills release leachable constituents and incineration may release toxic gases and contribute to temperature rise. The usage of plastics and its average growth rate is 12-25%. Incineration is the second most used method in disposing waste worldwide. The dioxins and furans are a matter of concern for the environmentalists and regulatory authorities. The modern incinerating facilities and remedial methods are cost effective, improvised, sophisticated and with ease of operation as they lessen the consumption of fossil fuel to run incinerating machines and reduce the amounts of generated pollutants. The uncontrolled consumption of petroleum based products, extraction, processing and disposal may lead to global warming and thus needs immediate attention for prevention and better living conditions. Globally, climate change may be handled efficiently by mitigation or adaptation. Bio toxins and degradation products of New Chemical Entities (NCE’s) may enter the food chain and pose a threat to the environment. We have to tailor interventions to meet the needs of the environmental conditions as well as ensuring the recovery, growth and stabilization of the livelihoods of the individuals or develop appropriate marketing strategies. Climate Change is a global phenomenon and requires collaborative planning and implementation in true sense from local areas to the multicentric and multidisciplinary approach. The polluters pay principle be implemented for strict enforcement and as a lesson for others. The prevention policy incorporates laws regulating the discharge and treatment of sewage. The mass dissemination of knowledge can play an important role and inspire others to work towards the necessary behavioural changes and minimization of nonpoint pollution and primary sources. The 46
National Conference on Science of Climate Change and Earth’s Sustainability: Issues and Challenges ‘A Scientist-People Partnership’ 12-14 September, 2011, Lucknow holistic approach to understand and take preventive measures is vital for sustainable development. To sustain the growth in an environmentally and economically responsible manner, plastics end of life reuse or reprocessing solutions are vital and needed in an efficient scientific manner. The solutions need to be self sustaining, reflecting carbon footprint reductions and with environmental responsibility that is waste to fuel oil and value added products. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINWATER AT AN URBAN SITE OF NORTHERN INDIA D.S. Bisht 1* , S. Tiwari 1 , M.K. Srivastava 2 , A.K. Srivastava 1 and P. Parmita 3 1 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, (Delhi Branch), New Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 2 Department of Geophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 3 S.C.P.G.College, Ballia *email: dsbisht@tropmet.res.in The chemical characteristics and the pH variation of rainwater have been studied during monsoon session 2009 at New Delhi. The pH varied from 5.68 to 6.85 with an average of 6.61 which suggests the alkaline nature of rain water over the station. The equivalent concentration of components followed the order: Ca>SO 4 >Cl>NO 3 >Na>NH 4 >Mg>F>K. The relative percentage contribution was studied and found ~42% of the total measured ionic composition was contributed by cations whereas anions contributed ~58% to the total ionic concentration. The ratios of different components with respect to seawater ratios were observed to be higher, indicating the significant influence of non-marine sources at this site. The relative importance of natural and anduopogenic sources was estimated by chemical balancing. Acidity was found due to the presence of sulphuric and nitric acid in some cases. High concentrations of soil oriented elements especially Ca has been found to play an important role in neutralizing the acidity of rainwater and maintaining high alkaline pH. Most of the SO 4 in rainwater was in the form of CaSO 4 . Results suggest that CaCO 3 is the main neutralizing agent. The role of NH 3 in the neutralization process is very small. 47
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