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iii (NAQDA), National Aquatic Research Agency (NARA), Coast Conservation Department (CCD) and set guidelines of District Special Area Management Community Coordinating Committee (DSAM CCC); - Manage sustainable tourism in the TB area under the guidelines of Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, CCD and DSAM CCC; - Conservation of natural resources through effective law enforcement and participatory management; - Develop operational guidelines for shell mining and grinding industry; - Aquaculture based micro enterprises in Thampalagamam bay; - Sea erosion control; 15. It is also propose to implement following activities in the designated buffer zone to mitigate transboundary impacts to the TB core zone: a. Promote organic farming in home gardens; b. Alternative livelihood development; c. Conduct awareness program for farmers to minimize use of agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers; d. Establish and manage community wood lots by Divisional Secretary with the assistance of the FD as alternative source of poles and fuel wood; e. Conduct awareness programs for school children on the TB SAM plan and the responsibilities of stakeholders; f. Implement solid waste management program in urban areas; g. Conduct alternative livelihood development programs; h. Develop management guidelines for micro saltern; 16. The estimated cost for implementation of the initial four year SAM Plan is Rs. 57.0 million. It is proposed that the CCD with the assistance of DSAM CCC and line agencies will implement the TB SAM Plan.
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 1 I. INTRODUCTION A. Conservation of natural resources in Sri Lanka 1. Sri Lanka has a diverse and rich natural environment within its 65600 km 2 land area and also in its exclusive economic zone. This rich environment has been used harmoniously by people for many centuries. However, population growth and rapid development have upset this harmonious balance during the last few decades. State natural resources management agencies have taken timely action to identify important natural sites rich in biodiversity and environmentally sensitive areas and declared them as conservation / protected areas as a means of redressing the resulting imbalance. 2. Forest Department (FD) has identified a number of natural forests as environmentally sensitive areas important for biodiversity conservation, watershed management, education, recreation and culture. Some of these forests have been declared as World heritage forests, Man and Biosphere reserves and Conservation forests. 3. The Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWLC) has also identified and protected important faunal habitats such as forests, wetlands and other ecosystems. Some of these protected areas have been declared as Ramsar sites under the Ramsar Convention on wetlands of international importance. 4. It is well documented that the coastal zone of Sri Lanka contains diverse habitats with a high diversity of fauna and flora. The coral reefs of Unawatuna, Hikkaduwa and Bar Reef are particularly diverse. The increasing threats to coastal habitats with industrialization, urbanization and tourism related development, have been identified by the relevant state agencies, particularly the Coast Conservation Department (CCD) (Ref.0906) . 5. CCD is mandated by the Coast Conservation Act to identify important coastal areas along the 1760 km long shoreline/coastal belt of Sri Lanka (including shoreline of bays and inlets but excluding lagoons), to determine their conservation status and needs and to provide management to address these needs in the form of a four yearly coastal zone management plan. 6. A key element of management relates to community participation since community livelihoods and commercial interests need to be balanced to deliver sustainable use. B. Coastal Region 7. Historically, infrastructure, urbanization and industrialization were concentrated in the coastal region because of ease of access to natural resources and markets. This coastal focus was re-enforced during the colonial times. The coastal belt occupies approximately 24 percent of the country's land area, and accommodates about one-third of its population (Ref.1648). The coastal region has a rich variety of landscapes including headlands, bays, lagoons, peninsulas, sand bars, and islets and a wide range of habitats with high biodiversity including coastal wetlands (about 120,000 ha), lagoons and estuaries (about 42,000 ha), mangroves (10,000 ha), salt marshes, sea grass beds, coral reefs, and coastal sand dunes (Ref.1647). 8. Forty percent of the national gross domestic product is derived from the activities performed in the coastal zone. Industry is a significant contributor to the national economy. Most of the industry in Sri Lanka is located in the coastal zone. The proximity of industry, that can create pollution, to coastal habitats that are sensitive to pollution and that sustain livelihoods, creates environmental risk. Pollution from inward human migration, increased
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Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD This Trincomalee Bay Speci
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