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TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 30 Table IV.3: Distribution and Status of Mangroves in the Trincomalee Bay SMA Water Body Thampalagamam bay DS divisions Thampalagamam SMA GN divisions Thampalagamam Palampottaru Uppuweli lagoon Town & Gravets Varothayanagar, Sambaltivu Nature Large patches Small patches and Clustered Mattikali lagoon Town & Gravets Orr’s Hill Fully Destroyed Sinna Karachchi lagoon Kuchchaveli Valaiyoottu Small patches & Clustered Ullaikali lagoon Muthur Nalloor Small patches & Clustered Kollannaru lagoon Nadutheevu lagoon Muthur Muthur Centre Dominated by Acanthus spp. Muthur Nadutheevu Small patches & Clustered Ralkuli lagoon Muthur Thaqwanagar, Thaganagar Manchcholaichenai lagoon Kuttikarachchi lagoon Periyatrumunai Lagoon Kinniya Small patches & Clustered Small stripes Kinniya Kuttikarachchi Small stripes Kinniya Periyatrumunai Small stripes Status and Need Under destruction. Prevention is necessary. Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary. Highly encroached Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary. Partially destroyed, Prevention & replanting is necessary. Fully destroyed. Replanting is necessary. Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary. Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary. Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary. Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary. Partially destroyed. Prevention & replanting is necessary.
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 31 134. Field observations show that sea erosion was severe in the area alongside the A-15 road. This shows that sea currents bigger and destructive in the monsoon, north east .(Ref. 0991) monsoon from October to January 7. Coral reef 135. Coral reef is extensive in the TB SAM PLAN area and extends from Nilaveli to Foul Point near Sampur and generally takes the form of fringing and shallow bottom reef. Studies, by NARA, indicate that well-developed coral reefs are found around Pigeon Island where the resulting rubble forms much of the beach as illustrated in Figure IV.4, at Foul Point and along Coral Point, with a total length of 2-3 km, 6 km and 2 km, respectively. Patchy coral reefs are also recorded at a distance of about 15-20 km from the shore, at an average depth of 20 m. Corals can also be seen in association with widespread offshore sandstone reefs. Figure IV.4: Coral rubble along the shore of Pigeon Island 136. Coral reefs from Nilaveli to Foul Point provide a habitat to a wide variety of reef fauna. Most of these reefs consist of Acropora/ Pocillopora verrucosa assemblages, although some are characterized by the local dominance of Echinopora lamellose. These reefs are also important habitats for reef fish and many associated species of algae, sea grass, sponges, soft corals, marine worms, crinoids and crustaceans. Barrier coral reefs, consisting of ridges of coral lying some distance from the shore, parallel with it and forming a broad ‘reef region’, are not found in Sri Lanka. 137. Research conducted by A. Rajasuriya (NARA) prior to the tsunami found that the coral reef in Dutch Bay was in relatively good condition with sections of healthy branching Acropora spp, foliose Montipora and Echinopora lamellosa. This reef was previously monitored using Reef Check methodology and had a cover of live hard coral of about 52% and 20% coral rubble. The reef sustained extensive damage due to the tsunami and the reef was subsequently assessed as having 38.30% live hard coral, while coral rubble covered 40.23% of the substrate. A large section of the reef that contained foliose Montipora spp was completely destroyed by the tsunami. Rajasuriya further stated that the ‘El Nino’ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that affected most part of Sri Lanka’s coral reef in 1998 due to bleaching caused by high water temperature, only had limited impact in the Trincomalee bay
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