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TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 42 5. Transportation 187. Infrastructure in the coastal areas of Trincomalee District, and within the SAM planning area has been severely affected by the conflict. Most roads are in a dilapidated state, especially the A-15 road from Kinniya to Verugal, and the coastal roads from Nilaveli northwards. Roadways in Muthur and Kinniya have been washed out due to coastal erosion, and have been realigned on several occasions. These roads were particularly badly effected by the 2004 Tsunami. The poor condition of the roads has hindered movement of people, transport of goods, and access to services and so has had a major negative impact on the everyday lives of much of the population living in the SAM planning area. 188. However, Government has introduced major infrastructure development projects under the Eastern Province Reawakening Program. These include the recently completed construction of Kinniya bridge, the longest bridge in Sri Lanka at about 396m. The China bay–Kinniya road is being developed whilst Kinniya-Muthur road is also under construction. Government is also taking action to construct bridges in Upparu estuary, Mahaweli Ganga estuary and Ralkuli estuary which will replace the existing ferry services. 189. Development of the A-15 road will improve access to Kinniya and Muthur and the associated parts of the SAM planning area. There will be several environmental issues in the construction phase which will affect the SAM planning area. The DSAM CCC under the TB SAM Plan needs to ensure that the development minimizes adverse impacts on the SAM planning area by coordinating with the Road Development Authority (RDA). 190. Government is also constructing the remaining section of the A-15 road from Muthur to Batticaloa. Once completed there will be a fast road link between Trincomalee and Batticaloa reducing travel time by several hours compared the present route via Habarana Junction. All these developments will bring more vehicle transport to the A-15 road and more opportunities for socio-economic development between Kinniya and Muthur. Invariably these developments will put pressure on the TB SAM and DSAM CCC need to implement the SAMP in response to these developments. 6. Cultural and Religious Environment 191. The history and associated culture of the Eastern Province go back several thousand years. Hinduism and Buddhism have been enriched by the arrival of Muslims in the 9th century, Portuguese in the 16th Century, Dutch in the 17th Century and the British from the 19th century together with their associated cultures and religions. 192. All religious and ethnic groups can be found living in the SAM planning area. Because of this wide cultural diversity, each ethnic group has its own performing arts, handicrafts, festivals, cuisine, religious and ancient sites. The majority of these local arts, crafts and customs are virtually unknown to all but the immediate locality. 193. Trincomalee city is also rich in history, culture and religious diversity with representation from all the major socio-cultural groups in the country. Koneswaran kovil (“Thadchana Kailash”), in Trincomalee city, is a major Hindu Temple in Sri Lanka. The temple is visited particularly by Indian pilgrims. Many other Hindu temples are located throughout the city. Seruvila Buddhist temple at Muthur and Tiriyai Buddhist temple at Trincomalee are very important pilgrimage sites for Sri Lankan Buddhists and for more than 75% of the total population. Improvement of the A-15 road should increase the number of Buddhist pilgrims travelling from Tiriyai to Trincomalee to Seruwila via Kinniya and Muthur. All these development will have different impacts on the TB SAM.
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 43 A. Background V. COMPREHENSIVE SAM PLANNING 194. The requirement for SMA planning in TB is specified in the original NECCDEP document (Ref. 0978) . The subsequent “fast track” approach to SMA planning resulted in the production of an interim SMA management plan in 2006 (Ref.0969) . The activities proposed in this interim management plan were implemented over the last two years and progress is discussed in Chapter III. 195. The need for a more comprehensive SAM Plan is also discussed and justified above. The primary justification is that the SAMP should comply with the SAMP guidelines specified in the Sri Lanka National Coastal Zone Management Plan, 2006 (Ref.0903) as presented above. The key requirement is for stakeholder community participation in the process. 196. This chapter describes the process followed to develop a comprehensive SAM Plan following on from the interim SMA plan with the assistance of the Coastal Resources Planning Unit (CRPU) of NECCDEP, the CCD and other relevant stakeholders. B. Scope of the SAM Planning 197. Under Component 2 of the NECCDEP (Ref. 0978) , CRPU took the initiative to develop a more comprehensive SAM plan for TB starting in March 2009. CRPU appointed two consultants for the planning process. The interim SMA plan developed by NECCDEP was used as the base document in the planning process and additional information was collected where necessary. Since the planning process had limited time, about 3 months, it mainly used existing data with supplementary information obtained when essential. 198. The key focus of the planning process was to create a SAM Plan that will, when implemented, deliver conservation of natural resources and sustainable utilization of these resources so as to maximize benefits to stakeholders, particularly local community stakeholders. This requires that a comprehensive consultation process is followed with all key stakeholders so as to best identify key issues and identify possible management solutions that will form the SAM Plan. C. Methodology 1. CCD Guidelines 199. The CCD guidelines given for SAM planning clearly indicate the importance of community participation during planning and implementation. Based on the CCD guidelines the following are considered to be the key requirements: 1. A geographically specified management area; 2. Active community participation in the planning process; 3. Enhancement of natural resources management; 4. Sustainable utilization of natural resources by communities; 5. Active community participation in the natural resources management process; 6. Adaptive process able to respond to evolving issues;
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