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TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 52 appropriate, should play a key role in the process and the community should be included in the decision making process. DFAD has also suggested that the introduction of seaweed farming is important as a potential new income source for the fishing communities. 226. The lack of an ice plant at Muthur is a key issue which prevents the storage of fish and requires that the daily catch is sold to traders at low prices before they spoil. 227. Fishers associations are in operation in Kinniya, Muthur, China bay and Town DS divisions but leadership and management skills are very weak. Fishers associations in Kinniya and Muthur have formed two unions to enhance the management process but leadership and management skills of office bearers still need to be strengthened. 6. Poor institutional mechanism 228. The present institutional mechanism for management of the SAM Plan area is the District SAM CCC headed by the District Secretary and is supported by NECCDEP. The Natural Resources Planner of NECCDEP acts as the convener of the DSAM CCC. There are two significant constraints to effective operations of the DSAM CCC. The first is the lack of community participation and representation as required by the CCD. The second is the lack of representation by key state agencies. Some state agencies are represented by junior officers who cannot provide active participation in the decision making process. Hence it is necessary to build up more effective DSAM CCC by including local heads of relevant state agencies, all relevant Divisional Secretaries and community representatives from all DS Divisions. 229. The lack of coordination amongst state agencies is a major constraint to the effective protection of natural resources. If state agencies coordinate and work as a team, then they can reduce the negative impact of limited human, financial and other resources. Divisional Secretary- Thampalagamam, Officers of DFAD and Forest Department raised this as an important issue. Hence the Trincomalee DSAM CCC should play a coordinating and monitoring role in delivery of the SAM Plan. 7. Destruction of natural habitats – forests, mangroves 230. This destruction largely reflects weak law enforcement processes and encroachment because of lack of a clear demarcation of set back boundaries. In addition the communities are unaware that they have a vested interest in preventing encroachment. Bringing communities into the management process should ensure community understanding of the adverse consequence of the destruction of natural habitats and consequent active participation in the management process. The result of such participation should be to make illegal activities socially unacceptable. 231. In the field visits, it was note noted that security officers do not have the resources to control the illegal cutting of mangroves / forests and the transport of poles and fuel wood. It should be possible to control such activities by raising awareness concerning these issues, providing alternatives and getting key stakeholders to realise that it is in their interests to prevent such illegal activities and to use the alternatives. Figure V.1 illustrates two causes for mangrove loss in Kinniya.
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 53 Figure V.1: Destroyed mangroves for the purpose of construction of erosion prevention wall (left) and shrimp farm activities (right) in Kinniya 232. The causes for mangrove and coastal vegetation destruction identified in the Interim SMA Plan were: a. Cutting of mangroves for fire wood, brush pile fishery and clearing for security reasons; b. Uncontrolled cattle grazing; c. Dumping of solid waste which disturbs natural regeneration and succession; d. Encroachment and Sand mining. 233. Out of these 4 issues, clearance for security reasons may reduce with the improved security situation but cutting for fuel wood and for brush pile fishery will continue. Hence it is necessary to consider the latter issues in the planning process. Field studies suggest that cattle grazing is not a significant issue at present. The issue of sold waste dumping was discussed with relevant agencies and should be addressed in the SAM Plan. The boundary marking process together with improved enforcement and community participation should help reduce encroachment and sand mining. 234. The negative impacts of these human interventions are clearly visible with a reduction in fish catch in most parts of the lagoon. The SAM Plan suggests a range of interventions to reduce the destruction of mangrove and coastal vegetation. These interventions include: a. Awareness building; b. Proper solid waste management process; c. Replanting mangroves and coastal vegetation; d. Sustainable utilization of mangroves, coastal vegetation and other resources; e. Enhance law enforcement and monitoring;
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FOREWORD This Trincomalee Bay Speci
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Special Area M
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