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TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 46 Source Types of dependency Ranking Key issues/threats Coral • Lime industry (about 45 families) • Handicraft 1 2 • Coral destruction- dynamite Encroachment • Trade, resident, hotels • Sewage disposal • Cultural issues • Fishing problem to access Table V.2: Suggestions to overcome the key threats - Interventions of IP NGOs Main activity Fishing Threats • Illegal fishing equipments • Illegal fishing activities Suggestions to mitigate threats • Awareness to fishermen • Monitoring through fishermen society and fisheries department • Subsidies, benefits and license should be stopped to those involved in illegal fishing. • Stop to use illegal equipments • Limited over fishing activities • Alternative fishing activities – aquaculture, prawn farming, etc. • Periodic monitoring quality of out-boat engines • Alternative livelihood activities – tourism, cottage industries, etc. Sand mining (Sea) Mangrove destruction • Destruction of sea shore vegetation • Soil erosion • Habitat destruction of flora and fauna • Disturbing natural biogeochemical cycles • Flood • Increasing temperature • Loss of natural barriers • Strictly following set-back zones • Re-plantation/ Plantation • Awareness program to stakeholders • Monitoring power to local society • Providing permit to sand mining • Indicating mining site by the government • Retaining walls along the eroded shores • Plantation/ Restoration • Awareness programme to different stakeholders • Plantation / re-plantation • Alternative fuel woods • Alternative livelihood activities • Plantation of firewood crops • Selecting older trees as fire wood and replanting the same species • Mangrove-aquaculture farming continued……
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 47 Main activity Agriculture Encroachment Coral mining Garbage dumping Threats • Loss of soil fertility • Salinity changes of water table • Habitat destruction • Shrinkage of wetland or coastal region • Habitat destruction • Floods • Loss of species • Pollution Suggestions to mitigate threats • Using organic fertilizers • Compost manufacturing and re-use • Crop rotation • Using recommended levels of fertilizers and chemicals • Introducing water supply systems – drip irrigation, etc. • Reducing number of irrigating times to the crop • Land provisions to those not having lands • Excessive lands should be shared among land-less people • Imposing strict rules against encroachment • Using dead corals rather than live corals. • Awareness • Implementing laws and acts • Introducing new approaches and alternative ways to next generation • Compost manufacturing • Reuse / Recycle / Reduce • Burying degradable waste • Producing sub-products from the wastes 4. Field studies 205. After the reviews and discussions with resource persons and IP-NGO, field studies were used to collect additional information and also to fill information gaps. The field studies were carried out to identify the different ecosystems, sub-ecosystems and habitats. The results of special studies were also considered. 5. Consultation with Communities 206. During the field studies, individual and smaller group discussions were held at the villages and sites. The site specific issues discussed in detail with communities and suggested solutions have also been considered in the SAM Plan. Table V.3 shows major issues and main suggestions during the consultation process. The list of individuals and associations that participated in the discussions is given in Appendix 8. 207. After developing the draft plan, it was presented to communities to get their further views and suggestions. This presentational process also ensured that the community participated in the revision and finalization of the SAM Plan. 6. Consultation with Government Agencies 208. Discussions were held with relevant state agencies which are implementing programs in the SAM area and adjoining buffer zones. Discussions were held with law enforcement agencies such as Forest Department, Department of Wildlife Conservation, Coast Conservation Department and Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development. Separate discussions were held with Divisional Secretaries whose
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FOREWORD This Trincomalee Bay Speci
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PREFACE "Reawakening East" is one o
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Special Area M
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