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TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 28 carried out by NARA revealed that heavy rain water run off in the rainy season carries the shells into Thampalagamam bay. 123. In summary Trincomalee bay provides a diverse range of habitats reflecting the deltaic influences on a rocky geomorphology and varied bathymetry. Some coral areas are found. Mangroves and seagrass are well represented. Mineral sand beaches, cliffs and forested rocky island outcrops are also represented. 3. Mangrove ecosystem 124. Mangroves are limited to the northern and western sections of Thampalagamam bay associated with the estuaries of Upparu, Mahaweli River, Ralkuli and Kaddaiparichchan lagoon as illustrated in Figure IV.3. Field studies also revealed that extensive mangrove habitats have developed in the Mahaweli estuary and extend about 2-3 km along the river as illustrated in Figure IV.4. The species diversity and density is much higher in these areas and needs to be managed accordingly. According to the FD records in 2000, total extent of mangroves in Trincomalee District was 1491 which is about 5.9% of the land cover of the District . About 2,000 hectares of mangroves are thought to still occur in Trincomalee District (Ref.1172) and of this probably as many three-quarters are likely to occur in the Trincomalee bay SAM planning area. 125. The shallow areas of the northern and western sections of the main Thampalagamam bay have larger mangrove vegetation patched dominated by Rhizophora apiculata. The list of flora and fauna observed in the field studies is given in Appendix 6. Other common species are Excoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa and Bruguiera sp. Different studies have identified 10-12 mangrove species in the bay area of Trincomalee bay SAM and the common mangrove species are Avicennia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Heritiera littoralis, Lumnitzera racemosa and Sonneratia caseolaris. Figure IV.3: Luxurious mangrove belt in Thampalagamam
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 29 126. The dominant and common mangrove associates recorded in the previous studies and also found in this study are Clerodendron inerme, Thespesia populnea, Calophyllum inopyllum, Cerbera manghas, Derris trifoliata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Morinda tinctoria, Pandanus odoratissimus, Pongamia pinnata and Randia spp. 127. These mangrove vegetation patches are significant for local biodiversity in that they form an important habitat for birds, reptiles and mollusks. The main human intervention is the cutting of mangroves for fuel wood and the level of use and adverse impact is very high in the Kinniya section of Thampalagamam bay. The studies revealed that some mangrove land has been converted to other land uses in Kinniya Divisional Secretary Division. 128. The qualitative information on mangrove in the Interim SMA is given in Table IV.3 below. This information is based on field level observation rather than detail assessments. 4. Salt marshes 129. Salt marshes are not common in the SAM planning area except few patches in north western sections close to Kinniya. Most of salt marshes have converted to salt fields by villagers in this area and micro salterns are common livelihood practice in the area. The remaining salt marshes are scattered within these saltern and only Suaeda species are observed. The expansion of micro saltern industry has damaged the salt marshes and at least 5 ha of land have converted saltern during last few years. 5. Sea grass beds 130. Assessment of sea grass bed habitats is limited to a few observations in the estuary ferry crossing area. Detail studies were not carried out. Sea grass beds are rooted, seed bearing, marine plants, that form dense growths in shallow sheltered waters along the coast and also in estuaries and lagoons. 131. Sea grass beds are observed in the ferry crossing in Thampalagamam, Upparu and Mahaweli river estuary and shallow sea close to Muthur. Like coral reefs, sea grass beds are highly productive systems and efficient sediment and nutrient traps. This ecological habitat provides shelter for many aquatic fauna species, especially fish species. The invertebrates species in sea grass beds provide important part of the diet of several species of sea turtle. Seagrass beds also provide the main habitat and food source for the endangered dugong (Dugong dugon). NARA studies have found that dugong are frequently visiting sea grass beds in Trincomalee bay, particularly close to Sampoor section of the bay (Personal communication with Mr. Arjan Rajasooriya - NARA). 6. Beaches 132. Narrow 5-8m wide beaches occur along the Kinniya-Muthur coastal belt. The beaches between Koneswaran temple and Kinniya area are very narrow except the beach park area in the Trincomalee city. The A-15 road lies along the beach from Kinniya to Mahaweli estuary and is open to public access. Fishermen are active in this beach section and beach seining is a common practice in the area. The beach section between Mahaweli River estuary and Muthur is closed and A-15 road has diverted to inland. 133. There are no records of turtle nesting on the beaches around Trincomalee bay. Considering the heavy disturbance of the area turtle nesting is unlikely but should be excluded based on studies.
Page 2 and 3: Ministry of Nation Building and Est
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Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD This Trincomalee Bay Speci
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE "Reawakening East" is one o
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Special Area M
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Page 15 and 16: VSP WDF WRDS Y Village Social Profi
Page 17 and 18: G. Institutional mechanism 72 H. Pr
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