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TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 44 7. Conduct studies to fill critical information gaps necessary to develop and deliver solutions to environmental problems; 8. Develop the SAM planning framework and implementation mechanisms to support delivery of the above requirements; 9. Initiate a 3-5 year initial planning cycle to address issues, minimise negative impacts and enhance positive impacts to achieve the goals and objectives of the SAM Plan. 10. Monitor and assess SAM delivery. 2. Elements of the process 200. The above guidelines were followed in the planning process. The key elements are briefly described below. a. Consultation process carried out by the DSAM CCC 201. Lack of community participation in the District SMA Committee was an issue at the beginning of the planning process. Hence strengthening of community participation from the DSD level in the DSAM CCC was initiated as the first step in the comprehensive SAM Plan. However, due to lack of time and also the late formation of a CCD compliant Community Coordinating Committee, it has not been possible to follow the full CCD SAM planning process. Nevertheless, communities including villagers, NGOs and community leaders have been involved to the maximum extent possible and it is expected that the SAM will be subject to participatory review by District level CCC before consideration by the CCD. b. Review of studies carried out by other agencies 202. Not all the special studies carried out with the assistance of NECCDEP had been completed at time of comprehensive SAM planning. Such information as was available from these special studies at the time of writing of this SAM Plan was used. The studies from other agencies were also reviewed and incorporated as necessary. c. Review of NECCDEP IP-NGO resource inventories 203. The resource inventory and preparation of site specific resource profiles were also not completed at the time of preparation of this comprehensive SAMP. Draft reports were reviewed and discussions conducted with resource persons and IP-NGOs that conducted the studies to obtain such information as was available at the time (Ref. 1334, 1350-1355) . 3. Consultation with IP-NGO 204. A one day workshop was held at the Fishers Resting centre at Trincomalee with the IP-NGO who conducted the resource profile studies for Trincomalee bay. The list of IP-NGO and the names of the participants is given in Appendix 7. These IP-NGO staff were engaged in coastal resources profiling in the TB SAM planning area for more than 5 months and so developed a good knowledge and understanding of the issues threatening the sustainable management of the area. These officers also assisted in the field studies. The findings of the workshop with respect to dependency and threats are listed in Table V.1 below and possible solutions in Table V.2 below.
TRINCOMALEE BAY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Page | 45 Table V.1: Dependency and threats of Trincomalee SAM area – Findings of IP NGOs Source Types of dependency Ranking Key issues/threats Sea • Fishing • Special fishing (sea cucumber, colour fish, bivalves) • Sand mining • Landing sites • Residential • Sea weeds • Garbage dumping 1 5 3 2 4 5 3 • Dynamite fishing • Illegal fishing nets • Loss of seaweeds • Migrating fishermen (more technology than local fishermen, conflicts) • Intrusion of sea • Loss of wind barrier – effect by tsunami, cyclone in future • Habitat destruction, habitat exploitation Mangroves • Fishing • Firewood • Fencing • Construction 1 2 3 3 • Habitat destruction • Loss of biodiversity • Water pollution Forest • Firewood • Construction and furniture • Cattle rearing • Chena cultivation • Garbage dumping 1 2 4 3 3 • Environmental Pollution • Increasing temperature (Green house effect) and less rainfall • Loss of habitat • Loss of species (Palu, Veera, Nelli, Ebony) • Increasing bare land • Loss of grazing land Agriculture • Home garden/ life fencing • Paddy cultivation • Onion cultivation 3 1 2 • Chemical pollution • Loss of soil fertility Tourism • Small industries and hotels • Boat services 1 1 • Cultural abuse • Sexual abuse, child abuse • Chances of Sexual transmitted diseases Bay • Fishing • Landing sites • Industries (Cement, Prima, IOC reservation) 1 1 1 • Over fishing • Illegal fishing nets • Pollution (sea, air) Aquaculture • Fish (fishing society) • Pollution Prawn and crab farming • Protein food • Pollution continued……
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FOREWORD This Trincomalee Bay Speci
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Special Area M
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