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WOMEN’S STATUS AND WORLD-SYSTEM POSITION 164 Smith, Joan. 1993. “We Irish Women: Gender, History, and the World-Economy.” Review XVI(1): 1-15. Snyder, David, and Edward L. Kick. 1979. “Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth, 1955-1970: A Multiple-Network analysis of Transnational Interactions.” American Journal of Sociology 84(5): 1096-1126. Talberth, John, Clifford Cobb, and Noah Slattery. 2007. The Genuine Progress Indicator 2006: A Tool for Sustainable Development. Oakland, CA: Redefining Progress. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). 2004. “Gender Equality: The Big Picture.” http://www.unicef.org/gender/index_bigpicture.html. Accessed July 6, 2010. United Nations Development Program. 2009. Human Development Report 2009. New York: UNDP. Waring, Marilyn. 1999. Counting for Nothing: What Men Value and What Women Are Worth (2 nd edition). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. _____ . 2009. “Policy and the Measure of Woman.” Pp. 165-179 in Eco-Sufficiency and Global Justice: Women Write Political Ecology, edited by Ariel Salleh. New York: Pluto Press. World Bank. 2007. World Development Indicators 2007. CD-ROM. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Resources Institute. 2010. EarthTrends Searchable Database. (http://earthtrends.wri.org). Accessed January 5, 2010. York, Richard and Marcia Hill Gossard. 2004. “Cross-National Meat and Fish Consumption: Exploring the Effects of Modernization and Ecological Context.” Ecological Economics 48(3): 293-302.
EXTERNALITY AND INCORPORATION IN THE WORLD-SYSTEM: ABYSSINIA – ANOMALY OR PALIMPSEST? Jon D. Carlson School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts University of California Jcarlson3@ucmerced.edu ABSTRACT This article examines the concept of the ‘external arena’ and the role of the ‘information network’ in the expansion of the world-system and incorporation of new regions. To address systemic incorporation, I reference research on nested networks of interaction, and echo criticisms that the impact of myth and misinformation has been underappreciated as an element of incorporation. Significant alteration occurs well-prior to the point at which most worldsystems literature considers a region incorporated. I offer the concept of “protoglobalization” as a means of conceptualizing this early, overlooked social, economic, and political change. Abyssinia is of interest because it offers a rare case of cross-systemic incorporation. The region was historically part of the Red Sea trade complex, had linkages throughout the interior of Africa, and existed on the periphery of the Indian Ocean world-system. So while initially outside the realm of European contact, this case offers an example of successful resistance to incorporation and how that process can be understood. Additionally, it offers a case study of cross-systemic incorporation, which has been lacking in the literature. As such, it also contributes to the concept of a ‘contested periphery’. The case reaffirms the significant impact external regions can have on the functioning of “internal” system actors; the mere myth of Prester John spurred significant effort by European powers to locate his legendary Christian Kingdom. Finally, the article uses the methodological innovation of historical maps to trace the border of the ‘information network’, which allows for a refinement of our understanding of the complex process of incorporation and an improved model of the relationship between networks of interaction, frontiers, contestation, and incorporation. INTRODUCTION To expand upon existing research on ‘incorporation’ into the world-system, I undertake a specific case study of a region external to the expanding European world-system. Accordingly, this is meant to flesh-out the middle ground between Wallerstein’s (1974, 1980, 1989) analysis of incorporation (European-focused, state-centric, ‘inside-out’) and Hall’s (1986, 1987, 1989) research on frontiers and incorporation (external, indigenous-oriented, ‘outside-in’). This case also supports the ‘pulsation’ thesis of world-systems (Hall 1987, 1989, 2005; Chase-Dunn and Hall 1997; Beaujard and Fee 2005), offering insight for future cross-systemic study: are zones along system borders repeatedly incorporated as they fall in and out of neighboring systems, or are they mere geographic socio-cultural bridges between systems? Accordingly, the case of Copyright ©2011, American Sociological Association, Volume XVII, Number 1, Pages 165-198 ISSN 1076-156X
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