Entire Volume 17 issue 1 - Journal of World-Systems Research ...

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INTRODUCTION 2 Nevertheless, the tension between the two kinds of appearances cannot be fully resolved within the limits of our research agenda. A fully resolution of the tension – if that is possible – requires that we descend again to explore the lower layers of market economy and material life with the knowledge and questions brought back from the journey into the top layer which this book undertakes” (1994:26, emphasis added). It is a tribute to Arrighi’s world-historical imagination that, more than fifteen years after The Long Twentieth Century’s publication, the present collection of essays is devoted to engaging this tension between Braudel’s overlapping zones of capitalism (as world power and capital accumulation), market economy, and material life. As John Talbot powerfully observers, it is impossible to discern where one moment began, and the others left off, in the coffee houses of 18 th century London, the pivot of the world coffee economy. Benjamin D. Brewer similarly questions the utility of any framework that views cultural change in late capitalism as somehow “immaterial,” perceptively linking financialization, global commodity chains, and the commercialization of culture as symbolically and materially interrelated. In both instances, Arrighi’s systemic cycles of accumulation approach, with its emphasis on alternating phases of material and financial expansion in modern world history, is viewed as an indispensable point of departure for connecting (and synthesizing) the structures of everyday life, commodity production and exchange, and world power and accumulation. John Gulick approaches this problematic of linking Braudel’s three layers of sociohistorical reality through a tour de force analysis of the rise of China in recent decades. Where Brewer and Talbot are principally concerned with global commodity production and exchange, Gulick brings into focus a tension within East Asian geopolitics and the “socio-ecological constraints to global capitalist reproduction.” Far from a critique that scores The Long Twentieth Century for neglecting socio-ecological factors, Gulick argues that Arrighi’s subsequent analyses of East Asia faltered by de-emphasizing “his earlier belief that unprecedented ruptures in hegemonic succession might imperil the reproduction of the modern world-system.” The focus on the rules of reproduction for the world-system are amongst The Long Twentieth Century’s “most stimulating” formulations. Gulick’s appreciative critique therefore suggests that Arrighi’s vision may be creatively extended in by demonstrating how the system’s conditions of reproduction are grounded in material life and commodity production and exchange. Abbeloos and Vanhaute focus on Arrighi’s place in the debate over the “Great Divergence” (Pomeranz 2000) between “the West” and “the Rest.” At the core of their critique, Abbeloos and Vanhaute contend that Arrighi, in Adam Smith in Beijing (2007), “assumes but never accounts for the survival” of East Asian market networks that might allow for a “commonwealth of civilizations” to succeed capitalism. Like Gulick, they see an unproductive drift away from the model of historical capitalism presented in The Long Twentieth Century. In my contribution, I trace my evolution from the first of the research vistas opened by The Long Twentieth Century to the second. Where I initially formulated a “dual cycle” approach in which environmental transformation was a world-historical movement complementary to systemic cycles of accumulation (Moore 2000), a deeper engagement with The Long Twentieth Century’s led me towards a new synthesis. This is the theory of capitalism as world-ecology, which seeks a unified theory of world development that joins the accumulation of capital and the production of nature in dialectical unity.
3 JOURNAL OF WORLD-SYSTEMS RESEARCH Giovanni was a fearless intellectual who respected no orthodoxy, and never retreated from the challenges of the present conjuncture. His scholarship and teaching pulse through this collection of essays, which does not shy away from critique. What is so compelling, in my view, is the degree to which the contributors have engaged in precisely the kind of reconstructive critique that was Giovanni’s hallmark. I think he that would be pleased with this collection’s robust engagement with his work, that he would have agreed with some of it, and that he surely would have disagreed with much more. The enduring legacy of The Long Twentieth Century, and Arrighi’s work as a whole, is its capacity to stimulate and to inspire new world-historical syntheses appropriate to the world realities they confront. We are all indebted to Giovanni for this (and so much more) and we miss him greatly. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my greatest appreciation to the contributors to this special issue, the anonymous referees, and to Andrew K. Jorgenson for his support in bringing this project to completion. REFERENCES Arrighi, Giovanni. 1994. The Long Twentieth Century. London: Verso. _____ . 2004. “Spatial and Other ‘Fixes’ of Historical Capitalism.” Journal of World-Systems Research 10(2):527-539. _____ . 2007. Adam Smith in Beijing. London: Verso. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. In Other Words. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Moore, Jason W. 1997. “Capitalism over the Longue Durée.” Critical Sociology 23(3):103-116. _____ . 2000a. “Environmental Crises and the Metabolic Rift in World-Historical Perspective.” Organization & Environment 13(2):123-158. Pomeranz, Kenneth. 2000. The Great Divergence. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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