Weir et al. Fig. 13. <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> alienum. A, E, F. ICMP 12071 – ex-holotype culture. B. ICMP 18703. C–D. ICMP 12068. G–I. ICMP 18691 (ex DAR 37820). A–B. Appress<strong>or</strong>ia. C–D. Asci and ascosp<strong>or</strong>es. E. Conidia. F. Conidiogenous cells. G. Appress<strong>or</strong>ia. H. Conidia. I. Conidiogenous cells. Scale bar D = 20 µm. Scale bar of D applies to A–I. 140
The <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ioides <strong>species</strong> <strong>complex</strong> Fig. 14. <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> alienum. A. ICMP 12071 – ex-holotype culture. B. ICMP 12068. C. ICMP 18691 (ex DAR 37820). A–C. Cultures on PDA, 10 days growth from single conidia, from above and below. variable in shape, simple to broadly lobed, sometimes in groups, sometimes intercalary, about 7–17 × 4–9.5 µm. Perithecia not seen in culture. Geographic distribution and host range: Confirmed only from New Zealand, but GenBank rec<strong>or</strong>ds suggest C. aotearoa also occurs in China (see below). In New Zealand this <strong>species</strong> is common on a taxonomically diverse set of native plants, as both a fruit rot and a leaf endophyte, and has also been isolated from leaves of several <strong>species</strong> of naturalised weeds. Genetic identification: ITS sequences do not separate C. aotearoa from several taxa in the Kahawae and Musae clades. This <strong>species</strong> can be distinguished using several other genes, including TUB2, CAL, GS, and GAPDH. Notes: All isolates in the C. gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ioides <strong>complex</strong> from New Zealand native plants studied here belong in the Kahawae clade, and most of these are C. aotearoa; a small number of leaf endophyte isolates from New Zealand native trees are C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro. The C. aotearoa isolates have been isolated as endophytes from symptomless leaves as well as from rotting fruit from native trees. M<strong>or</strong>phologically indistinguishable from isolates of C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, this <strong>species</strong> is distinguished genetically with all genes sampled, except ITS. The GAPDH gene tree splits C. aotearoa into two well supp<strong>or</strong>ted clades, but these do not c<strong>or</strong>relate to any other features, either geographic <strong>or</strong> biological. Isolates associated with distinctive and common leaf spots on Meryta sinclairii, first rec<strong>or</strong>ded by Beever (1984), belong in this <strong>species</strong>. Whether isolates of C. aotearoa from other hosts are able to cause the same disease on Meryta is not known. Also in C. aotearoa are a range of isolates from weeds that have become naturalised in New Zealand. We assume that C. aotearoa is a New Zealand native <strong>species</strong>. It has a broad host range amongst native plants and has apparently jumped host to some weeds. It has never been found associated with cultivated plants <strong>or</strong> as a rot of cultivated fruit. <strong>Colletotrichum</strong> aotearoa may also occur in China. ITS sequences from isolates from Boehmeria from China (GenBank rec<strong>or</strong>ds GQ120479 and GQ120480) from Wang et al. (2010) match exactly a set of C. aotearoa isolates. ITS between-<strong>species</strong> differences within the C. gloeosp<strong>or</strong>ioides <strong>complex</strong> are very small, so this match needs confirming with additional genes. C. aotearoa was referred to as Undescribed Group 2 by Silva et al. (2012b). Other specimens examined: New Zealand, Auckland, Freemans Bay, on Vitex lucens fruit, coll. P.R. Johnston C1252.1, 26 Aug. 2007 (ICMP 18532; PDD 92930). on Berberis sp. leaf spot, coll. N. Waipara C69 (ICMP 18734); Auckland, Mangere, on Berberis glaucocarpa leaf spot, coll. N. Waipara C7, Jun. 2007 (ICMP 18528); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, on Kunzea ericoides leaf endophyte, coll. S. Joshee 7Kun3.5, Jan. 2004 (ICMP 17324); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, on Prumnopitys ferruginea leaf endophyte, coll. S. Joshee 8Mb5.1, Jan. 2004 (ICMP 18533); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, on Dacrycarpus dacrydioides leaf endophyte, coll. S. Joshee 5K5.9, Jan. 2004 (ICMP 18535); Auckland, St Johns, Auckland University campus, on Coprosma sp. incubated berries, coll. B. Weir C1282.1, 30 Apr. 2009 (ICMP 18577); Auckland, Mt Albert, on Acmena smithii lesions fruit, coll. P.R. Johnston C847, 9 Sep. 1987 (ICMP 18529); Auckland, Glen Innes, Auckland University campus, on Coprosma sp. incubated berries, coll. B. Weir C1282.3, 30 Apr. 2009 (ICMP 18536); Auckland, Orakei, on Ligustrum lucidum leaf spot, coll. C. Winks & D. Than M136.3 (ICMP 18748); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, on Podocarpus totara leaf endophyte, coll. S. Joshee 3T5.6, Jan. 2004 (ICMP 17326); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Huia, on Geniostoma ligustrifolium leaf endophyte, coll. S. Bellgard M128, 8 Jul. 2010 (ICMP 18540); Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Huia, on Coprosma sp. rotten berry, coll. S. Bellgard M130-2, 8 Jul. 2010 (ICMP 18541); Auckland, Waiheke Island, Palm Beach, on Meryta sinclairii leaf spot, coll. P.R. Johnston C1310.1, 21 Mar. 2010 (PDD 99186; ICMP 18742); Auckland, Tiritiri Island, on Dysoxylum spectabile fruit rot, coll. P.R. www.studiesinmycology.<strong>or</strong>g 141
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