Merlins Ralliart and EvoX TUNING GUIDE Version K.pdf - EvoScan

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MERLINS RALLIART & EVOLUTION-X TUNING GUIDEThe knock sensor is usually connected to the side of the engine block, betweencylinders two and three. It is a simple piezo microphone, converting engine noiseand vibrations to an electrical signal which is then filtered, amplified and measuredby the Evo ECU. The ECU then decides if any component of the signal, poking upabove the general noise is detonation. If it is, the ECU retards the timing in order tosave the engine from further detonation and possible damage. The knock sensingsystem is reactive and not pro-active. The timing pull happens after knock isdetected and pulls timing to prevent further damage. It does not prevent knock aninitial knock event, it tries to limit it after it has happened.The signal that the ECU spits out is commonly known as KNOCKSUM. The loggingtools that we use have the ability to log KNOCKSUM. Generally speaking the higherthe knocksum the more timing will get pulled, the lower the knocksum the lesstiming will get pulled.KNOCKSUM and OCTANE NUMBER are the parameters which combine to give thefinal ignition timing value, operating temperature corrections aside.OCTANE NUMBER controls the interpolation between the HI-OCTANE and LO-OCTANE fuel and ignition maps and is a dynamic number stored in memory with amaximum value of 255. When logged with EvoScan, this number is re-scaledpercentage, where 100% is the highest value and no interpolation with the LO-OCTANE map is being applied.KNOCKSUM is generated by the ECU, from the input from the knock sensor and ithas several tables and variables that can be manipulated to subtly alter the finalKNOCK SUM result. This has particular relevance to the tuning fraternity, as someengines exhibit what has been described as “phantom” or “false” knock. Thisbecomes even more important when engine internals, like forged pistons, areadded to the equation. It has been reported that some aftermarket clutches canhave an effect on false knock as well as general engine aging.So what sort of damage does knock cause?If left unchecked, knock can break the spark plugs insulator, damage the valves,break the compression rings and smash the ring lands around the pistons.Knock can be very abrasive to the crown of the piston. Pistons on an engine that issuffering from excessive knock will look like as if it has been sandblasted and willshow small pits in the top of the piston.Finally, excessive knock will cause a premature failure of your rod bearingsresulting in the very distinctive rod knock sound.Having said the above about the dangers of knock do not be surprised to learn thatalmost all cars knock. As long as the knock is occasional and moderate cars can runfor thousands of miles with little to no problems. While mild detonation is not anoptimum situation for engine operation, it does not guarantee engine failure.REV: 0.K merlin@three.com.au Page 44 of 134
MERLINS RALLIART & EVOLUTION-X TUNING GUIDE5.02-IGNITION TUNING – LO-OCTANE SPARK MAPWhen the ECU initially detects detonation, it will retard timing by a preset numberof degrees depending on the knock count and the conditions that the knockoccurred. At the same time, the OCTANE NUMBER that the ECU has stored in itsmemory is reduced. If detonation continues to occur, then the ECU will interpolatebetween the HI and LO OCTANE maps, with a calculation using the octane number.Supposedly, the ECU never actually gets to operate fully on the LO-OCTANE mapthough.The ECU will then continue to operate proportionally between the two maps, untilan absence of knock is noted in a boost condition (when operating above theOCTANE UPDATE THRESHOLD), at which point the octane number is progressivelyincreased and operation rapidly reverts back to the HI-OCTANE map, or close to it.Should detonation still occur the ECU will reduce the maximum boost level to asafety boost level.For further reading on this topic, refer to the section on KNOCK CONTROL.Figure 19:IGNITION TUNING – LO-OCTANE SPARK MAP – RALLIARTThe EvoX LO-OCTANE SPARK MAPs are typically very similar to this map, with a fewslight variations between the model, market and year.There is little reason to make changes to these maps, they are pretty good as-isand hopefully your car will never be fully utilizing them.REV: 0.K merlin@three.com.au Page 45 of 134
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Merlins Ralliart and EvoX TUNING GUIDE Version K.pdf - EvoScan

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