VIII CONCLUSIONS: MOVING BEYOND THE SELF-EVALUATIONThe role of the University of Jyväskylä and Jyväskylä Polytechnic in regional development has a longhistory and cooperation with other bodies participating in development work in the Jyväskylä region is partof the operation of HEIs. However, there is a great challenge in terms of how regional effectiveness could befurther developed. The competition between the HEIs and the regions at the national level is hard, andbecoming stagnant is not an option. Continuous development work has to be done to maintain the advantageover other competitors. The Ministry of Education’s commission, designed to update the joint regionaldevelopment strategy of the region's HEIs, set yet another challenge for increasing regional effectiveness.The created strategy presents the tools by which the HEIs promote the welfare and competitiveness ofCentral <strong>Finland</strong> in the coming years, and which at the same time improve the position of the University ofJyväskylä and Jyväskylä Polytechnic in the national network of HEIs. The joint regional strategy of theUniversity of Jyväskylä and Jyväskylä Polytechnic was appreciated by the Ministry of Education <strong>Finland</strong> forthree reasons: (1) this OECD –project was positively used in the preparation of the strategy, (2) thedevelopment needs of the innovation environment are well analysed, and (3) the strategy aims to concretelycontribute to the cooperation between the University and Polytechnic 20 .8.1 General starting pointsContents of the regional development task are still under discussion. There is a lot of variation in theunderstandings of what regional effectiveness means and what the role of HEIs actually is, and, furthermore,what the regional development task should actually contain. To get common understanding of regionaldevelopment task is particularly challenging for the universities due to their strong national and internationalorientation. <strong>Region</strong>al effectiveness, or in a broader sense, a task of societal service, is easily perceived asbeing separate from the other basic tasks of HEIs. The third basic task of HEIs, which has already gainedground as a concept, has helped to guide opinions in this direction. The assumption presented above is justwhat it takes to make actors concerned about a possible shortage of resources and limitations to theirfreedom of action. Another concern is that their national role, in carrying out the basic tasks of education andresearch, weakens as well.Discussion proposal 1: <strong>Region</strong>al effectiveness should be seen as a field of tasks, solidly integratedwith the core HEI functions; education and research. In order to have real impact on the region, thepossibilities must be recognized and utilized effectively when carrying out these basic tasks. Withouta clear connection to education and research, regional development becomes nothing but hot air,with no real objective or chances of continuity. The intermediary organizational and expert servicesprovided by the HEIs should also be tightly connected to the chosen focuses of education andresearch.The relationships between the national and the regional focuses of the HEIs should be defined moreclearly in the future. The functions that have a strong national emphasis in the HEIs should not beused artificially to promote regional effectiveness. On the other hand, activities can have an effect onthe region only if they are nationally significant. Concretising the regional development task in thefaculties/departments and separate units of the University and the schools of the Polytechnic requiresthe contents to be clearly and concretely defined and goals to be set for regionaleffectiveness/regional development tasks, and the joint regional strategy. When drawing up thedefinitions, the complementary roles of the University and the Polytechnic should be taken intoaccount through the division of labour.The challenge of prioritizing activities. At the moment, the HEIs in Jyväskylä offer a wide range ofeducation, which, on the one hand, is a definite strength. The key factor in international competitiveness –excellence – is only achievable by prioritizing activities and by specialization in the areas of highestexpertise. Without sufficiently prioritizing activities, the possibilities for regional effectiveness are also leftunutilized because the regional effectiveness of HEIs is measured by how high the level of competence in the20 Based on Arvo Jäppinen’s seminar presentation (Ministry of Education) in Turku in 24.-25.11.2005.109
egion is according to national and international standards. The interviews and questionnaire (used in thisstudy) revealed that the prioritization of activities will be a significant challenge; the units have clear viewsabout the needs for additional resources connected to new openings and areas of strength. However, on theother hand, apart from a few exceptions, there were no drafts (plans made) about (how to affect) thedeclining functions. What is required in the prioritization of activities, are policies concerning the reallocationof the aforementioned resources: the endless expansion of the various functions is impossible.Discussion proposal 2: Stronger re-allocation of resources to targets that form the area of excellencein schools, faculties and individual subjects is needed. In the future, the units should be capable ofshowing how resources are re-allocated in developing the most important areas of emphasis (Figure8.1). Prioritising activities that would support national competitiveness requires the areas ofcompetence to be defined in such a way that ensures they are complementary with the other national(and even with foreign) HEIs. On the other hand, from the regional point of view, prioritisingactivities means closer and more holistic cooperation between educational institutions in order topromote the chosen areas of focus. The starting point for regional specialization should becomplementary roles achieved through cooperation between the University and the Polytechnic, andan effort to use the resources as efficiently as possibly as well as defining the regional focuses.Through the University and the Polytechnic’s specialization, critical mass can be achieved even on anational or international scale. Prioritising activities should be guided by both regional and nationalstrengths, present areas of competence and current focuses. However, in practice to achieve bothnationally and regionally complementary operation of HEIs might be rather complicated.LOW REGIONAL PROFILINGHIGHSTRONG REGIONALCOMPLEMENTARITY1WEAK NATIONAL AND REGIONALCOMPLEMENTARITY2STRONG REGIONAL ANDNATIONALCOMPLEMENTARITYSTRONG NATIONALCOMPLEMENTARITYLOWNATIONAL PROFILINGHIGHLOW REGIONAL PROFILINGHIGHNATIONAL UTILIZATION OFREGIONAL PROFILINGDEVELOPMENTBASED ONREGIONAL PROFILINGLOWPROFILINGPROFILING ACTIVITIESPROMOTING NATIONALCOMPETITIVENESSREGIONAL UTILIZATION OFNATIONAL PROFILINGDEVELOPMENT BASEDON NATIONALPROFILINGLOWNATIONAL PROFILINGHIGHFigure 8.1 Allocation of resources: Development paths towards regional and national profiling110
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OECD/IMHE ‐ Supporting thecontrib
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SUMMARYTogether with 13 other regio
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8.2 Increasing the regional effecti
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I INTRODUCTION1.1 Strengthening the
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development. The aim is that region
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The self-evaluation considered here
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densely populated cities in Finland
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1,9 %1,7 %1,5 %1,3 %Population chan
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The share of jobs in primary produc
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New pillars of future’s developme
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Jyväskylä0,60,91,11,0Central Finl
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2.4 Governance StructureMunicipalit
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of its development outside the cent
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III CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIGHER E
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continuing education and open unive
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The Science and Technology Policy C
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3.2 Regional dimension within the n
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order to respond to the challenges
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14001200Master's degreesDoctoratesN
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900800Youth graduatedAdult graduate
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provide information for the basis o
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CabinetParliamentSTPCSteering (andf
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5,04,0Billion euros3,02,01,00,083 8
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The number of refereed articles is
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Centre of expertisePaper industryBi
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The Institute for Environmental Res
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and systematic gradually progressin
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are seen to be very important chann
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Internal support units of HEIsThe F
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Appendix 14 Master’s Programmes a
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Uusiutuvan energian tutkimusohjelma
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAcademy of Finland (200