promote the competitiveness and attraction of the rural areas in Central <strong>Finland</strong> by supporting the newentrepreneurship and capability of existing rural tourism firms to increase their turnover and number ofemployees. The analysis of the development and needs of enterprises will be carried out at the beginning andthe end of the project by surveying the know-how of about 85 companies.The University of Jyväskylä is engaged in rural development through the development programme on ruralknow-how and entrepreneurship in Central <strong>Finland</strong>. This has been supported by the creation of the ruralprofessorship and participation in the national programme of rural studies. Rural Studies is a networkinitiative between nine Finnish universities that aims at establishing a multi-disciplinary Rural Studiesprogramme for graduate level students. It provides students with specialized knowledge and understandingon rural change, development policies and practise. The programme is being piloted with the support of theEuropean Social Fund (ESF) and the Ministry of Education in accordance with the framework of theEuropean Union Objective 1 programme for Eastern <strong>Finland</strong> (2000-2006). Rural Studies at the University ofJyväskylä comprises of a special programme: Rural areas as economic and social platforms (Box 6.4).Box 6.4 Rural studies takes into account the needs of rural areasRural areas as economic and social platforms is a special programme under the major subject ofentrepreneurship in the School of Business and Economics at the University of Jyväskylä, forming a partof the national network of rural studies. It is built around the professorship in rural entrepreneurship thatwas inaugurated in 2004. The Master’s level studies were launched in 2005. The goals of the programmeinclude exploiting the multidisciplinary know-how of the university in the rural field, strengthening R&Dand education focused on rural environment and transferring research results into practice. Theprogramme is divided into three thematic areas: (1) rural entrepreneurship and networking, (2) theinteraction between centres and rural areas, and (3) the social and economic characteristics of rural areasin Central <strong>Finland</strong>. The need for the development of rural areas is met with education, developmentactivity and projects that are designed according to regional needs. The teaching mechanisms includediscussion forums and expert lecturers. Moreover, the possibilities for the students to integrate into therural development are supported by the selection of appropriate themes for their master’s thesis and bycreating their contacts with firms through R&D projects. An essential part of the operation is also theparticipation in rural strategy work. The professorship in rural entrepreneurship is based on projectfunding from both the Rural Department of the Employment and Economic Development Centre and theRural Policy Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. External Funding from regionalactors has been essential in establishing the professorship and continuing cooperation with them isimportant in the course of the project.6.3 Cultural contribution of HEIsRichard Florida suggests that, in this creative age, technology alone is not enough to ensure success: instead,society needs the kind of creative entrepreneurs who can turn great ideas into sustainable business models.At the heart of Florida's argument is the notion that culturally rich, unique, diverse regions draw the mostcreative people (often educated people) who, in the author’s broad definition, have jobs that draw on theirintellect and ingenuity, be it teaching, computer programming, music, or law (to mention a few). Thepresence of those people is what attracts successful companies to locate in the same region, or better yet, tospring up on their own, bringing economic prosperity and a high quality of life. (Florida, 2002.)Strong foundation for the creative regionEven if the Jyväskylä region is small, a rather rich variety of culture is provided, particularly in the city area,including museums, art exhibitions, concerts, events, and theatre performances. Promoting culture as a toolfor regional and economic development has become more and more important in the Jyväskylä region and inthe whole of Central <strong>Finland</strong>. In small regions, such as that of Jyväskylä, the HEIs typically act as thegenerators of culture by supporting creative thinking. However, those kinds of effects are often hard tomeasure.89
The School of Cultural Studies at the Jyväskylä Polytechnic and the Faculty of Humanities at the Universityof Jyväskylä offer a strong cultural knowledge reserve, based on a high-standard of education and R&D.There is a growing demand for experts in the fields of the arts and culture in both traditional professions(museums etc.) and, for instance, in media business, diverse culture projects, in IT companies and others,which require expertise in content as well as a critical view of the relationship between culture andtechnology. Both the staff and students of HEIs also provide an important potential resource for the diversecultural events organized in the region, including, for example, the annual one night arts festival”Yläkaupungin Yö” (Box 6.5).Box 6.5 Gathering the creative people together in one nightYläkaupungin Yö is an annual one night arts festival. Libraries, museums, galleries, bars and theatres inthe Yläkaupunki area of the City of Jyväskylä keep their doors open for festival goers and the festivalsite is abound with music, dance, theatre, exhibitions, performances, workshops, games etc. All theevents and exhibitions are free of charge.The creator of the festival was an active member of the University of Jyväskylä Student Union’sSubcommittee for Cultural Affairs (JYY). The first festival was organized in 1992. The original aim togather different cultural organization, artists and people interested in culture together is still the mainmotivating factor of the event today. The festival’s annual programme consists of more than 200different performances and activities, with approximately 700-800 artists performing. The main stage ofthe festival is the Seminaarinmäki Campus of the University of Jyväskylä.Financial support for the festival is provided by the City of Jyväskylä, the Arts Council of Central<strong>Finland</strong> and other sponsors and participating firms. The University of Jyväskylä is also an importantsupporter, offering stages for the festival free of charge. The volunteers form a necessary group oforganizers (500 annually) and a proportion of them are members of the University of Jyväskylä StudentUnion. The JYY also participates in the event’s communication and marketing. The differentdepartments and units of the university organize some programme activities such as, lectures, workshopsand exhibitions. Thus, the University of Jyväskylä contributes considerably to the organization of theregional festival.The School of Cultural Studies educates professionals for the fields of music, clothing and communication,and carries out different cultural development projects in the Jyväskylä region and Central <strong>Finland</strong>. One ofthe school’s basic missions is to build a creative well-being society. They see that the importance of culturein the regional development is increasing, something that encourages them to systematically develop thecreative sector in Central <strong>Finland</strong> together with the <strong>Region</strong>al Council (Box 6.6). The aim of developing thecreative sector is to support the existing actors and their creative know-how and, at the same time, to createpossibilities for new actors and modes of operating by promoting entrepreneurship and generating of newjobs.90
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OECD/IMHE ‐ Supporting thecontrib
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SUMMARYTogether with 13 other regio
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8.2 Increasing the regional effecti
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I INTRODUCTION1.1 Strengthening the
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development. The aim is that region
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The self-evaluation considered here
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densely populated cities in Finland
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1,9 %1,7 %1,5 %1,3 %Population chan
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The share of jobs in primary produc
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New pillars of future’s developme
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Jyväskylä0,60,91,11,0Central Finl
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2.4 Governance StructureMunicipalit
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of its development outside the cent
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III CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIGHER E
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continuing education and open unive
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The Science and Technology Policy C
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3.2 Regional dimension within the n
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order to respond to the challenges
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14001200Master's degreesDoctoratesN
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Weak spots and areas to develop in
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Employment and Economic Development
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Appendix 3 Analysis of the most sig
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Appendix 4 Regional effects (input-
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The overall value of production cre
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Appendix 5 Reform of regional struc
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Appendix 7 Provision of education i
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Appendix 8 Statistical information
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Appendix 10 Statistics on financing
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Appendix 12 Labour market activity
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Appendix 14 Master’s Programmes a
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Uusiutuvan energian tutkimusohjelma
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAcademy of Finland (200