Finland - Jyvaskyla Region - Final Self-Evaluation Report.pdf

5,04,0Billion euros3,02,01,00,083 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 98 99 00 01 02 03YearPublic Fundig Enterprises Other fundingFigure 4.3 Funding of R&D expenditure in 1983-2003 (Source: Tekes)The R&D activity is heavily concentrated on only a few regions in Finland. The capital region and fouruniversity regions (Tampere, Oulu, Turku and Jyväskylä) cover 80% of the total R&D expenditure in thecountry. Also, the patenting activity is mainly accumulated to the same regions. In 2001, the number ofpatents per 1 000 inhabitants was 0.73 in the region of Jyväskylä whereas in the whole country it was 0.32(Appendix 9).The National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Academy of Finland are the main external publicfunding organizations for research and development in Finland. Tekes funds industrial projects as well asprojects in HEIs and research organizations, and especially promotes innovative, risk-intensive projects.Tekes funds come from the state budget via the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Tekes has an annual budgetof EUR 400 million and it funds approximately 2 000 projects annually. The Academy of Finland, whichoperates under the administration of the Ministry of Education, provides funding for high-level scientificresearch. Annually the Academy issues funding decisions worth around EUR 200 million. More than 3 000research professionals are engaged in Academy-funded projects at universities and research institutes.About half of the research funding of Finnish universities comes from their internal budget and the other halfis covered by external funds. In 2004, 58% (EUR 99.5 million) of the total public research funding of Tekeswas allocated to the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) and HEIs. The share of polytechnics wasrather low, being 7% (EUR 6.6 million), but it is expected to increase in the years to come along with thestrengthening of polytechnic R&D activities. The Tekes funding covered one fifth of the total externalresearch funding of universities in 2004. The respective share of the Academy of Finland was 32%. Some84% (EUR 174.5 million) of the total funding of the Academy of Finland was awarded to the universitiesand university hospitals. The EU-funding also forms an important external funding source of HEIs’ R&Dactivities, particularly from the viewpoint of regional projects. Its relative proportion of the total externalresearch funding of universities is approximately 9%. The distribution of funding of universities is presentedin Table 1 in Appendix 10.The R&D expenditure in the region of Jyväskylä was EUR 181 million in 2004, which is 6% more than inthe previous year, and it covers 3.4% of the total R&D expenditure in Finland (Table 4.1). The R&Dexpenditure per capita in the Jyväskylä region was EUR 1 107, which exceeds the national average (EUR1003 million). In only four regions was the R&D expenditure per capita larger than in Jyväskylä. The shareof the University of Jyväskylä and Jyväskylä Polytechnic was nearly 40%. Approximately half of the R&Dexpenditure was covered by private sector firms, which is less than in the whole country where the firms’share is approximately 70%.44