agriculture and rural industries. The Institute of Natural Resources works on the whole rural area of Central<strong>Finland</strong>. Approximately 20% of its activities take place in the Jyväskylä region.Starting points and channels of regional effectivenessThe regional effectiveness of the institute is strongly based on high-level knowledge concerning the ruralenvironment. The Institute of Natural Resources has participated in the preparation of regional programmesusing community planning methods (village plans, regional development programmes and provincialprogrammes and strategies). In the planning of project work, it is considered essential that the projects arebased on regional needs (e.g., with a help of a group of enterprises).However, the Institute of Natural Resources is a small unit that is vulnerable against failures and risksinvolved in regional development. Furthermore, there are not necessarily enough resources for anticipationof changes and to react to them. Deepening and extending of the ongoing cooperation with VTT, theUniversity of Jyväskylä, and the other regional, national and international partners would be a crucial step toovercome these weaknesses.<strong>Region</strong>al co-operation and the division of tasksThe institute’s co-operation with enterprises consists of applied research, graduation thesis projects andconsultation services. The institute also co-operates with other actors in the field of bioenergy (for exampleVTT, Jyväskylä Science Park, power plants, engineering offices) and participates in the BENET (bioenergy)network. In the fields of rural entrepreneurship and agriculture, the Rural Department of the Employmentand Economic Development Centre of Central <strong>Finland</strong> and the agricultural entrepreneurs of the region havebeen important partners. In this area co-operation connected to the professorship of rural entrepreneurship ofthe University of Jyväskylä might provide new openings. In the field of environmental planning there hasbeen co-operation with the municipal authorities and citizens as well as with the Central <strong>Finland</strong> <strong>Region</strong>alEnvironment Centre and the Institute for Environmental Research of the University of Jyväskylä.So far, the cooperation with the University of Jyväskylä is mostly based on personal relationships, jointprojects, and sometimes also on teaching. Guidance of graduating thesis and creation of new networks wouldprovide more opportunities for increasing co-operation with the university. According to the Institute forNatural Resources, it is essential to agree on a clear division of tasks allowing an effective combination ofthe areas of strength of both institutions.Areas of strength and prioritising of activitiesBioenergy and its applications are promising fields of spearhead research in the region. Future challenges inthe rural areas include sustaining basic agriculture, developing micro enterprises (IT technology, networkingand logistics management) and implementing new IT and other technologies. Focusing of activities isimportant for the operation of a small unit.School of Tourism and Services ManagementRoleThe purpose of the School of Tourism and Services Management is to develop business activities of theirareas of expertise both through the provision of education and through versatile services for working life.The fields of strength include tourism and hospitality, facility management, and consumer services. Inaddition to a wide range of educational services, the research and development activities are continuouslyexpanding.Starting points and channels of regional effectivenessA central goal of operation is the creation of international, national and regional networks. The degreeprogrammes and the R&D activity of the school are tightly connected to regional development work. Theschool's active contribution to the regional development also connects the students to the development workof industry and commerce. One of the services provided by the school is the MARA Business Clinic.Clinic’s educational and consulting services are provided by the internal and external experts of Polytechnicsin cooperation with students. The business clinic has proven to be a flexible and fast operational model that,e.g., supports meeting the regional needs of continuing education.125
The challenge of the school from regional point of view is to promote the visibility of its operations in theregion. This requires extending the knowledge base to be applied in new fields. Bringing internationalexpertise and innovations to the region is also essential. Future’s threats to regional development activitiesinclude scarce resources and the difficulty of finding new financial sources.<strong>Region</strong>al co-operation and the division of tasksThe most important regional partners providing funding are the Employment and Economic DevelopmentCentre (Rural Department), <strong>Region</strong>al Council of Central <strong>Finland</strong> and State Provincial Office of Western<strong>Finland</strong>. Other important partners include regional enterprises, the City of Jyväskylä, municipalities,advisory organizations and regional intermediary organizations. Co-operation with enterprises focuses onproject activities, education and consulting. Students’ practical training and graduation thesis projects inregional enterprises are strongly emphasized at the school. The school's co-operation with the intermediaryorganizations includes development of enterprises, co-ordination of services and international issues. Theaim is to create an efficient international supporting network also for the polytechnic master's degree.The co-operation with the University of Jyväskylä has been fluent. The Faculty of Sport and Health Sciencesof the University cooperates with the tourism branch of the school and the division of tasks between theinstitutions has been clear. In the field of e-business the school has co-operated with the IT field of theuniversity. As a part of the degree education has been carried out projects in which the university studentshave done the basic work and the students of the polytechnic have been responsible for the applied part ofthe project. New models for continuing education implemented together with the university could provide anopportunity for deepening the co-operation. Some co-operation connected to the university’s professorship inrural entrepreneurship has also been planned.Areas of strength and prioritising of activitiesThe spearhead field of the school, tourism, is a challenging field from the regional point of view, but also agreat opportunity. Wellbeing tourism and catering services connected to it are promising fields ofdevelopment in tourism. This requires competitive R&D work and exploitation of the consumer know-how.The school participates actively in the operation of the Finnish Networked Centres of Expertise (the foodindustry, tourism networks), that have also significant regional effects. The Centre of Expertise of the foodindustry provides education and development services to the whole food-processing chain from agriculturalenterprises to industrial enterprises. The national Centre of Expertise for Tourism consists of four areas ofexpertise which are localized through four regional focal points. The Jyväskylä Polytechnic is the bodyresponsible for wellbeing tourism. The Networked Centres of Excellence provide a forum in which to buildco-operation between enterprises.School of Health and Social StudiesRoleThe graduates of the School of Health and Social Studies are experts in wellbeing. The School provides aqualification for the professions of physiotherapist, rehabilitation counsellor, midwife, nurse, dentalhygienist, public health nurse, occupational therapist, and social services. The School offers also theopportunity to professional specialization studies, continuing education and to complete a PolytechnicMaster’s Degree in Health Promotion. The operation of the school is primarily regionally oriented, and theregional effectiveness of the school is based on education and substance know-how. The operation of theschool’s centre of expertise in the field of sexual health is mainly nationally and internationally oriented butit has a regional aspect as well.Starting points and channels of regional effectivenessNetworks created through regional projects and a close co-operation with the public sector and other regionalemployers are the strengths of the school. Probably, the most challenging task has been to integrate theregional orientation and entrepreneurial R&D activity into the staff’s thinking, which has, however, gonewell.126
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OECD/IMHE ‐ Supporting thecontrib
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SUMMARYTogether with 13 other regio
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8.2 Increasing the regional effecti
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I INTRODUCTION1.1 Strengthening the
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development. The aim is that region
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The self-evaluation considered here
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densely populated cities in Finland
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1,9 %1,7 %1,5 %1,3 %Population chan
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The share of jobs in primary produc
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New pillars of future’s developme
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Jyväskylä0,60,91,11,0Central Finl
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2.4 Governance StructureMunicipalit
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of its development outside the cent
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III CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIGHER E
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continuing education and open unive
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The Science and Technology Policy C
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3.2 Regional dimension within the n
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order to respond to the challenges
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14001200Master's degreesDoctoratesN
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900800Youth graduatedAdult graduate
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provide information for the basis o
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CabinetParliamentSTPCSteering (andf
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5,04,0Billion euros3,02,01,00,083 8
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The number of refereed articles is
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Centre of expertisePaper industryBi
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The Institute for Environmental Res
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and systematic gradually progressin
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are seen to be very important chann
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Internal support units of HEIsThe F
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of interviewed HEI staffs, the coop
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areas of the region’s Centre of E
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system of Jyväskylä and the HEIs
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V CONTRIBUTION OF TEACHING AND LEAR
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esources to establish new activitie
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The main problem for the Finnish la
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longer. 2.5% of the Jyväskylä Pol
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activities. As a part of the new qu
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- Page 165 and 166: BIBLIOGRAPHYAcademy of Finland (200