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Treatment of the dataParticipation in the survey was purposeful: to assist the study by Minor, organisationsaffiliated with the School of Engineering were approached. These were chosen as exemplars oforganisations whose main business was the development of software from a Computer Science,Information Systems or Software Engineering perspective. In addition, size of organisationspanned small, medium and large. The description of the choice of organisation, and therationale behind the choices made is provided in detail in Minor (2004). The organisationwas asked to nominate participants for the study, based on a set of criteria of which the mostrelevant was practitioner experience in RE activities. The participants were then approachedwith organisational buy-in and backing. They were informed, that in addition to participationin the Minor study, they would be participating in a larger study looking at confirmingor otherwise conclusions drawn from practitioner-based research outside Western Australia.Completion of the survey described above would be the mechanism for achieving this aim.Participant responses were coded and an analysis undertaken, again modelled on Lethbridge.An example of the results of one component of the survey is provided in Figure B.1Figure B.1: Participant responses to questions 1-4 applied to topic: RE processAs the data indicate, a gap exists between participant response to Question 1, and Questions3 and 4. A summary of the results of the survey is provided in Chapter 2.469
B.2 School of Engineering Year SurveyThe Engineering discipline within the School informally surveys all students within each yeargroup to identify general problems that are both unit-specific, and that relate to the mix ofunits undertaken.This survey is administered twice per semester, usually early, near the first point of feedback(preferably Week 4) and then again towards the end of formal classes (preferably Week 11).This allows for timely feedback to students, intervention, if required, to be undertaken andfeedback from students before the completion of semester. A carry over to the next offeringis also indicated as required.The survey is very simple: students are asked to indicate good/bad points of the unit as theyperceive them and to make any general comments.The format therefore is thus:• for each unit available in the particular year (this example is the complete feedback forthe Year 2 2002 week 4 survey for the unit under study)ENG260 REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERINGGood:Can see industry advantages, interactive,good lecturer, theory, easy to understand, suitable info forSoftware engineers, interesting, shows how to analysestuff.Bad:Lots of work, not enough info of what to dowith portfolio and what we are expected to achieve, mind mappingeach topic, some concepts hard to understand where they areuseful, too much of the reading for the week, makes the brainsquirm, too much workload leading to no marks, what is rationalrose for?• GENERAL COMMENTS (this example is the complete feedback for the Year 22002 week 4 survey)What you like:470
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Educating Requirements Engineers in
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2.5.2 Towards a REBoK . . . . . . .
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5.4 The Murdoch context . . . . . .
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A.1 Curriculum components . . . . .
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5.5 Education for RE - Action Resea
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8.24 RoLI results for Vaughn . . .
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2.25 RE specific competencies for s
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.AbstractIt is acknowledged within
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.DeclarationI declare that this the
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This leap, from one lecturer to all
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on a positivist perspective - throu
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ary process should also be regarded
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(Kamsties et al, 1998; Morris et al
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same items of knowledge to be prese
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in RE education. In particular, ins
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derived from these and other source
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this interpretation can never be co
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The outcome of this study is an und
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possibilities arise as outcomes of
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The first section examines the real
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2.1 Practitioner perspectivesIn his
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themselves what they needed to know
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tencies are reinforced. He conclude
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Table 2.7: Lethbridge rankings: mos
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sonal and group attributes are cons
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eing able to apply a high level of
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on the perceived soft skills of the
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The first two items indicate a bi-p
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Table 2.12: Scott & Yates: top Engi
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Table 2.13: Scott & Wilson: top IS
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If marketing can tell you what they
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to technical problems that resemble
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positivism, situated along the cont
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and Scholes, 1990; Bulow, 1989). Th
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and to explore and describe require
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Figure 2.4: The catastrophe-cycle R
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meaning and a shared sense of parti
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assembled into a model bit by bit.
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4 May ...I doubt that they’re str
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The characteristics noted above pos
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• the evolution of a discipline t
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expertise - intuitive situational r
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Table 2.14: Levels of competenceJon
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to undertake Requirements Engineeri
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equirements analysis - the process
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Table 2.16: SEEK topicsTopic Bloom
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Topic Bloom Category HoursRequireme
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5. translate into natural language
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2.5.1 RE in model curricula and tex
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Figure 2.8: The computing space occ
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Guideline 11 the underlying and end
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Table 2.20: SE component of CC-CSSE
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Table 2.22: IS 2002.7 analysis and
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Representative exit characteristics
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• focused on the needs of the wor
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trol and maintenance of available I
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overview of informatics, especially
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Improvement Collaboration). In 1996
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to undertake these activities. In g
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• problem-solving practice• cor
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Chapter 3A framework for learning R
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worldview do not align with the cha
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in order to eliminate deviations or
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egarding new information. Mental mo
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mental models and beliefs that the
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element of the definition of a prob
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hypothesis evaluation - testing and
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equired by the task is required. Ab
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An additional aspect of expertise r
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• that a process of reflection (b
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• preliminary assumptions and obs
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answer, being evaluated; working un
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inhibited by environments that enge
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While behaviourism and cognitivism
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• the importance of socialisation
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Given these, a moderate level of tr
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the activities: from a priority giv
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The importance of dialogueLearning
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(Gobet and Wood, 1999).learning pro
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ticipating in communities of authen
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Lave et al (1988) suggested that le
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assumption is that a certain minimu
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use knowledge as opposed to passive
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in a domain may be attained through
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chunks, poorly indexed (and therefo
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If we summarise the findings on eac
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The perspective that suggests that
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• the evaluation of learning and
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Level 5 (ages 17-19) metaknowledge
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• support the learner in developi
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student needs to do, or they passiv
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taxonomy (Barrows and Tamblyn, 1980
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students are seen to be able to art
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development of abstract artefacts t
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through the traversal of layers, co
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• internal mental model - the acc
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• opportunity to develop cognitiv
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Chapter 4The research designThis ch
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4.1 Research in Education and ITEdu
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choice continue to be drawn from th
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• the increased importance of the
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intervene in some setting, or to en
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Owen (1997, p 37) presents a genera
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Design Research in ITThe new millen
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(promoting more efficient and effec
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Figure 4.1: Lewin’s spiral of Act
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outcomes - an action outcome whereb
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• it applies multiple techniques
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In conclusion, Action Research, as
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emphasise the importance of partici
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4.2.2 Mixed methodsSome researchers
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derived/validated measures that, in
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Table 4.4: Reflection in the Schola
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has recourse to in order to achieve
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theory and user of that theory, the
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Chapter 5Developing an Action Resea
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a model of organisational culture T
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context. Elliott (1982) refers to t
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disciplines. The continuing challen
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tionary cycles in 2002, 2003 and 20
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Figure 5.5: Education for RE - Acti
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Figure 5.6: Education for RE - Acti
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Students enrolled in ENG260 during
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year. This removed some inclination
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5.3.1 Diagnostic devicesThese inclu
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crete experience (CE) / abstract co
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)/
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affects the individual: it is hard
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personal learning ‘profile’. Al
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also examined. Reports from this ac
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Figure 5.9: Pedagogical dimensions
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cultural sensitivity - allow for cu
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esearch, others triggered by changi
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discipline, at this point based pri
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Sorter (Keirsey and Bates, 1984) wa
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ing: they respond to information pr
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Student example mind maps is shown
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or with assistance from group peers
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of the how do I do this? and what d
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• the ‘correct solution’ to e
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Table 6.2: Instruments applied to C
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• they expect a fundamentally com
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percentage of students were success
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students were comfortable in taking
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strategies on other units within SE
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Chapter 7Implementing a model for c
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This reflection on the outcomes of
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The next section describes changes
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visual where reading text is classe
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Teacher characteristicsThe results
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was well done. The implication of t
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7.2.1 Decoding the disciplineMajor
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necessary for the enhancement of cr
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• outcomes such as the developmen
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Figure 7.6: ENG260 learning objecti
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Table 7.4: Positive influences for
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• constraints are discovered that
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changing shared understanding withi
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Figure 7.9: Setting the scene MurSo
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• identification of the learning
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Figure 7.13: Self assessment suppor
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in the context of implementing Crea
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environment where the teacher was c
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and return to the classroom for the
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all the questions on the site (RM21
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the course) required exploration, s
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The formal assessment of the unit w
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Figure 7.17: Things to add/change/d
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Student E [best aspect]real world s
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the 41% with same or higher MO, 28.
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to set up meetings, discuss their a
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WEAKNESSES of the paper:The results
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paper!Software Engineers with an in
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neous to the tasks undertaken.As we
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ecome vital. Professional practitio
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programmes within Engineering, albe
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offerings at third and fourth year
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Although the strategy discussed and
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On reflectionA key component of the
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Figure 8.4: Positive comments made
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The profile of the student enrolled
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What the summary chart (see Figure
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Table 8.2 for a description of the
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Murdoch’s graduate attributes, to
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in effect a small collection of tex
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expectationstoo much learning too q
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Although the class sessions within
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understanding of how our assignment
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to ensure tasks were on schedule. T
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future design studios. [...] While
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eceived).Impact on student developm
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Simon In my opinion I learn more co
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Curriculum - changes to the RE comp
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equired them to either consult with
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‘whole of group’ work (which ma
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Table 8.8: Tasks and keys applied i
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Figure 8.19: Cumulative activity lo
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Alaina is the most focussed member
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interaction between students’ stu
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approach to the unit• Student 2 (
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As indicated previously (see Table
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Students preconceptions predispose
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cussed. When the unit is not aligne
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Chapter 9Conclusions26 April 2006 -
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The lack of alignment between the a
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a learning dialogue (Laurillard, 19
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and Intellectual Capability. Stance
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These feedback cycles of interventi
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socially through negotiation (Jonas
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Figure 9.2: A conceptual framework
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Table 9.4: Principles for the evalu
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Credibility Guba and Lincoln (1994)
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comment from the accreditation pane
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as a skill to be continually adapte
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for the landscape is SE 3 . As note
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individual preferred learning style
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in the learning theory behind the m
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The Studio Learning model provides
Page 437 and 438: BibliographyAdams-Price C E (ed) (1
Page 439 and 440: Aurum A, Handzic M and Gardiner A (
Page 441 and 442: Billett S (1996) “Towards a model
Page 443 and 444: Budgen D (2004) “Computing Curric
Page 445 and 446: Conklin J (2005) “Wicked problems
Page 447 and 448: Diaz-Herrera J L and Hilburn T B (e
Page 449 and 450: Ezzy D (2002) Qualitative Analysis:
Page 451 and 452: Glass R L (1995) “A theory about
Page 453 and 454: Hatten R A (1997) Guidelines for Ef
Page 455 and 456: Jonassen D H (2000) “Towards a de
Page 457 and 458: Lave J, Smith S and Butler M (1988)
Page 459 and 460: Lubars M, Potts C and Richer C (199
Page 461 and 462: Meyer J H F and Boulton-Lewis G M (
Page 463 and 464: Norton L S, Owens T and Clark L (20
Page 465 and 466: Reeves T C (1994) “Evaluating wha
Page 467 and 468: Scott G and Wilson D N (2002) “Tr
Page 469 and 470: Suwa M, Gero J and Purcell T (2000)
Page 471 and 472: Watson H J, Young D, Miranda S, Rob
Page 473 and 474: Appendix AThe Murdoch contextAs not
Page 475 and 476: components.These are common to all
Page 477 and 478: Table A.1: Kolb Learning Style Inve
Page 479 and 480: a strong and important minority: th
Page 481 and 482: sections. Once authenticated as a m
Page 483 and 484: help and underlying manuals. The fo
Page 485 and 486: Appendix BInstrumentsAlthough most
Page 487: 3. How useful have the details of t
Page 491 and 492: B.3 Student Surveys of UnitsUnivers
Page 493 and 494: B.4 Attachment 1: Educational Relev
Page 495 and 496: Systems Theoryand PracticeRequireme
Page 497 and 498: Fundamentals ofDesignHuman Computer
Page 499 and 500: numbers (e.g. 2.5,4.5). The scales
Page 501 and 502: Topics not specifiedabove:Topic:Top
Page 503 and 504: Creativityinstead (eg RE Topicsinst
Page 505 and 506: analysis,interpretation anddecision
Page 507 and 508: following activities during the las
Page 509 and 510: Non-profit associationOther, please
Page 511 and 512: managementprocessquality andimprove
Page 513 and 514: teststhroughRequirementsManagementc
Page 515 and 516: Appendix CStudent Reflective Journa
Page 517 and 518: Alaina Week 3What did I achieve thi
Page 519 and 520: DermotWeek 10This week has been goo
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