Implementation of IPOA/IUU - International MCS Network

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17end all forms of government economic support for IUU fishing. There can be nojustification for States to continue to assist those who carry out IUU fishing.3.2.5 Monitoring, Control and SurveillanceIUU fishers must evade detection in order to succeed. As noted above,the operators of IUU vessels often conduct fishing operations in areas whereMCS is lacking, particularly in remote high seas regions or in waters under thejurisdiction of coastal States, particularly developing States, that do not have theability to stop such fishing. The owners of these vessels also seek to avoiddetection through deceptive business practices. For example, they createextended and complex corporate arrangements to hamper investigators, theyrepeatedly change the names and call signs of their vessels and they regularlyreflag the vessels in States that continue to maintain open registries.Improvement in MCS capabilities and their effective implementation inwaters under national jurisdiction and on the high seas represents the best hopefor preventing, deterring and eliminating IUU fishing. Fortunately, States havedeveloped a number of MCS tools in recent years and have worked to strengthenand refine them. Cooperation among States, including through RFMOs and othermore informal networks, has also recently broadened. For example, States shouldconsider participating in the International Network for the Cooperation andCoordination of Fisheries-Related Monitoring, Control and SurveillanceActivities, described in Box 1.There are other recent examples of cooperation among States toimprove MCS capabilities. One is the Niue Treaty on Cooperation in FisheriesSurveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region, which allowsparties to share their assets in fisheries surveillance and law enforcementactivities, including boarding, inspection and seizure of vessels. 33 Norway hasalso entered into agreements with several other States providing for exchange ofinformation on inspections at sea, exchange of information on port control,exchange of personnel and training. 3433 For a detailed discussion of this treaty, see “Illegal, Unreported and UnregulatedFishing: Considerations for Developing Countries,” by Tranform Aqorau.34 See “Measures to be Adopted by the Port State in Combating IUU Fishing,” by TerjeLobach.
18Box 1INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR THE COOPERATION ANDCOORDINATION OF FISHERIES-RELATED MONITORING,CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIESThe International MCS Network is an arrangement of nationalorganizations/institutions in charge of fisheries-related MCS activities,which have been authorized by their States to coordinate and cooperate inorder to prevent IUU fishing.The objectives of the International MCS Network are to improve theefficiency and effectiveness of fisheries-related MCS activities throughenhanced cooperation, coordination, information collection and exchange.The Technical Terms of Reference of the International MCS Network canbe found in Appendix II to these guidelines.The International MCS Network arose out of a meeting in Santiago, Chile,in January 2000. Membership in the International MCS Network isvoluntary.To learn more about the International MCS Network, go to its website:http://swr.ucsd.edu/enf/mcs/mcs.htmUser name: mcsPassword: mcsnetParagraph 24 and other relevant provisions of the IPOA-IUU describe awide variety of MCS tools for use against IUU fishing, including (but not limitedto) vessel monitoring systems (VMS), observer programs, catch documentationschemes, inspections of vessels in port and at sea, denial of port access and/orprivileges to suspected IUU vessels, maintenance of “black” and “white” lists, 35and the creation of presumptions against the legitimacy of catches by non-partyfishing vessels in areas regulated by RFMOs.VMS is a tool that can greatly increase the efficiency and effectivenessof MCS. In recent years, a growing number of States, including quite a few35 “Black” lists in this context are generally understood to mean lists of vessels that havebeen determined to have been used for IUU fishing. “White” lists are generallyunderstood to mean lists of vessels that are authorized to fish in a given area by therelevant national (or regional) authorities.
Page 4 and 5: iiiPREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENTThe
Page 6 and 7: vThe IPOA-IUU is voluntary. However
Page 8 and 9: viii6.2 Examples of some port State
Page 10 and 11: xiBACKGROUND1. From ancient times,
Page 12 and 13: xiii11. The Code is voluntary. Howe
Page 14 and 15: 1. INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION - I
Page 16 and 17: 3Since the late 1990s, a number of
Page 18 and 19: 5(1) conducted by national or forei
Page 20 and 21: 7flag States, coastal States and Po
Page 22 and 23: 9In light of this, the very first
Page 24 and 25: 11the vessels rarely if ever visit
Page 26 and 27: 13For example, Japan requires its n
Page 28 and 29: 15IUU fishing on the high seas. 27
Page 32 and 33: 19developing States, 36 have introd
Page 34 and 35: 21If the vessel is fishing on the h
Page 36 and 37: 23registering a vessel that has a h
Page 38 and 39: 25RFMOs have a role to play in ensu
Page 40 and 41: 27FAO, in turn, will make available
Page 42 and 43: 29species can be caught, what gear
Page 44 and 45: 31Flag States are also encouraged t
Page 46 and 47: 33cases, fishing vessels registered
Page 48: 35light of this, paragraph 51 of th
Page 51 and 52: 38transshipment at sea is prohibite
Page 53 and 54: 40supported IUU fishing. For exampl
Page 55 and 56: 42Japan prohibits port calls by tun
Page 57 and 58: 44of a NAFO member, it must be insp
Page 59 and 60: 46discussed in Section 7 of these g
Page 61 and 62: 48products harvested through IUU fi
Page 63 and 64: 50products. On the basis of that da
Page 65 and 66: 52question, while the latter only c
Page 67 and 68: 54States can also combat IUU fishin
Page 69 and 70: 56RFMOs engage in IUU fishing. No s
Page 71 and 72: 588.3 Possibilities for Further Act
Page 73 and 74: 60resolutions calling on those memb
Page 75 and 76: 62landings, port control, and inspe
Page 77 and 78: 648.3.8 Actions in Response to Rema
Page 79 and 80: 66As a result, IUU fishers often co
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68A number of other developed State
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702.4 Measures to control transport
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10.3 Suggested Format for Reports t
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74Flag States should closely contro
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76A coastal State should consider r
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78To assist States in implementing
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12. LITERATURE CITED80Agnew, D.J. 2
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82Greenpeace. 2001. Pirate Fishing:
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84II. NATURE AND SCOPE OF IUU FISHI
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86to the Conservation and Managemen
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National Legislation88Legislation16
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90National Plans of Action25. State
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9236.2 having taken into account al
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9446.3 the species, fishing gear au
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9651.2 cooperation and exchange of
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98general operating guidelines for
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100and should consider measures to
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10280.9 development of observer pro
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10486.3 the strengthening of region
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106Articles V, VI, and VII of the A
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1084.2 To the greatest extent pract
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110• Compliance with other aspect
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1126. Information regarding such si
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114Annex ACommon English Name Scien
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1164. Parties shall consider and ac
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118Committed to take steps, consist
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1209. An export-validated Dissostic
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122APPENDIX VIWEBSITES OF SELECTED
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Implementation of IPOA/IUU - International MCS Network

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