79RFMOs should re-examine their decision-making procedures to ensure thatdecisions concerning <strong>IUU</strong> fishing can be made promptly and consistently.RFMOs should limit or deny access to the fisheries resources under theirpurview to fishing vessels <strong>of</strong> members that do not comply with the measuresadopted by the RFMOs, including any obligations to report fisheries data.RFMOs should encourage their members to impose sufficient and consistentpenalties on <strong>IUU</strong> fishers.RFMOs should serve as hubs for improved collection and dissemination <strong>of</strong>information on vessels engaged in or supporting <strong>IUU</strong> fishing. For example,RFMOs can:develop lists <strong>of</strong> vessels that are believed to have engaged in <strong>IUU</strong>fishing, as well as lists <strong>of</strong> all vessels fishing in areas under theirpurview; anddevelop databases <strong>of</strong> information concerning fishing violations andprosecutions.RFMOs should serve as fora to expand and harmonize differing VMSarrangements currently in use. Through RFMOs, States can:develop common data formats, data sharing arrangements and standardsfor maintaining the technical integrity <strong>of</strong> VMS systems; andcreate neutral recipients <strong>of</strong> VMS data to help preserve theconfidentiality <strong>of</strong> proprietary information, while also facilitating theexchange <strong>of</strong> information necessary for effective <strong>MCS</strong>.RFMOs should consider schemes for boarding and inspecting fishingvessels on the high seas, as envisioned in paragraph 80.8 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IPOA</strong>-<strong>IUU</strong>.Those RFMOs that have not already done so should consider theestablishment <strong>of</strong> comprehensive systems for port State measures for fishingvessels.
12. LITERATURE CITED80Agnew, D.J. 2000. The illegal and unregulated fishery for toothfish in theSouthern Ocean, and the CCAMLR Catch Documentation Scheme. MarinePolicy, 24: 361-374.Aqorau, T. 2000. Illegal fishing and fisheries law enforcement in small islanddeveloping States: The Pacific Islands experience. <strong>International</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong>Marine and Coastal Law, 15(1): 37-64.Aqorau, T. 2000. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: considerations fordeveloping countries. One <strong>of</strong> the series <strong>of</strong> papers prepared as backgrounddocuments for the Expert Consultation on Illegal, Unreported and UnregulatedFishing Organized by the Government <strong>of</strong> Australia in Cooperation with FAO,Sydney, Australia, 15-19 May 2000.Balton, D. 1999. Dealing with the “bad actors” <strong>of</strong> ocean fisheries. Address atConference on Fisheries Management, Norway Graduate School <strong>of</strong> EconomicsBergen, Norway, 20 May 1999.Bray, K., (ed.) 2000. A global review <strong>of</strong> illegal, unreported and unregulated(<strong>IUU</strong>) fishing. One <strong>of</strong> the series <strong>of</strong> papers prepared as background documents forthe Expert Consultation on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Organizedby the Government <strong>of</strong> Australia in Cooperation with FAO, Sydney, Australia, 15-19May 2000.Center for <strong>International</strong> Environmental Law. 2000. A review <strong>of</strong> options formaking decisions to conserve and manage Pacific fish stocks. Paper prepared forthe third session <strong>of</strong> the Multilateral High-Level Conference on the Conservationand Management <strong>of</strong> Highly Migratory Fish Stocks In the Western and CentralPacific.Chaves, L.A. 2000. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: WTO-consistenttrade related measures to address <strong>IUU</strong> fishing. One <strong>of</strong> the series <strong>of</strong> papersprepared as background documents for the Expert Consultation on Illegal,Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Organized by the Government <strong>of</strong> Australia inCooperation with FAO, Sydney, Australia, 15-19 May 2000.Davis, J.M. 2000. Monitoring, control, surveillance and vessel monitoringsystem requirements to combat <strong>IUU</strong> fishing. One <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> papers preparedas background documents for the Expert Consultation on Illegal, Unreported andUnregulated Fishing Organized by the Government <strong>of</strong> Australia in Cooperationwith FAO, Sydney, Australia, 15-19 May 2000.
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iiiPREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENTThe
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vThe IPOA-IUU is voluntary. However
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viii6.2 Examples of some port State
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xiBACKGROUND1. From ancient times,
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xiii11. The Code is voluntary. Howe
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1. INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION - I
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3Since the late 1990s, a number of
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5(1) conducted by national or forei
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7flag States, coastal States and Po
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9In light of this, the very first
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11the vessels rarely if ever visit
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13For example, Japan requires its n
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15IUU fishing on the high seas. 27
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17end all forms of government econo
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19developing States, 36 have introd
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21If the vessel is fishing on the h
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23registering a vessel that has a h
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25RFMOs have a role to play in ensu
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27FAO, in turn, will make available
- Page 42 and 43: 29species can be caught, what gear
- Page 44 and 45: 31Flag States are also encouraged t
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- Page 48: 35light of this, paragraph 51 of th
- Page 51 and 52: 38transshipment at sea is prohibite
- Page 53 and 54: 40supported IUU fishing. For exampl
- Page 55 and 56: 42Japan prohibits port calls by tun
- Page 57 and 58: 44of a NAFO member, it must be insp
- Page 59 and 60: 46discussed in Section 7 of these g
- Page 61 and 62: 48products harvested through IUU fi
- Page 63 and 64: 50products. On the basis of that da
- Page 65 and 66: 52question, while the latter only c
- Page 67 and 68: 54States can also combat IUU fishin
- Page 69 and 70: 56RFMOs engage in IUU fishing. No s
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- Page 73 and 74: 60resolutions calling on those memb
- Page 75 and 76: 62landings, port control, and inspe
- Page 77 and 78: 648.3.8 Actions in Response to Rema
- Page 79 and 80: 66As a result, IUU fishers often co
- Page 81 and 82: 68A number of other developed State
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- Page 85 and 86: 10.3 Suggested Format for Reports t
- Page 87 and 88: 74Flag States should closely contro
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- Page 95 and 96: 82Greenpeace. 2001. Pirate Fishing:
- Page 97 and 98: 84II. NATURE AND SCOPE OF IUU FISHI
- Page 99 and 100: 86to the Conservation and Managemen
- Page 101 and 102: National Legislation88Legislation16
- Page 103 and 104: 90National Plans of Action25. State
- Page 105 and 106: 9236.2 having taken into account al
- Page 107 and 108: 9446.3 the species, fishing gear au
- Page 109 and 110: 9651.2 cooperation and exchange of
- Page 111 and 112: 98general operating guidelines for
- Page 113 and 114: 100and should consider measures to
- Page 115 and 116: 10280.9 development of observer pro
- Page 117 and 118: 10486.3 the strengthening of region
- Page 119 and 120: 106Articles V, VI, and VII of the A
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- Page 123 and 124: 110• Compliance with other aspect
- Page 125 and 126: 1126. Information regarding such si
- Page 127 and 128: 114Annex ACommon English Name Scien
- Page 129 and 130: 1164. Parties shall consider and ac
- Page 131 and 132: 118Committed to take steps, consist
- Page 133 and 134: 1209. An export-validated Dissostic
- Page 135: 122APPENDIX VIWEBSITES OF SELECTED