2012 AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

$A 10 year climatology of cloud fraction and vertical distribution ...$

microwave retrievals of surface emissivity spectra fromAMSU and AMSR-E in the summer and winter monthsunder clear sky conditions over C3VP site. The cloud-freeatmospheric contribution is calculated from AIRStemperature and humidity profiles, and NWP modelreanalysis from GDAS and ECMWF. The land surfacetemperature from MODIS, GDAS and ECMWF are used forcomparison purposes. The differences in the atmosphericcontribution due to different inputs of temperature andhumidity profiles along with the effect of surfacetemperature are discussed. The relationship between theland surface emissivity, surface temperature and snow waterequivalent in the winter months is also analysed. Thepotential for using microwave emissivity for precipitationretrievals over land is discussed.Wang, ShusenCharacterization of Spatiotemporal Variations inEvapotranspiration Over Canada’s LandmassWang, Shusen 1 ; Yang, Yan 1 ; Rivera, Alfonso 21. Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural ResourcesCanada, Ottawa, ON, Canada2. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada,Quebec, QC, CanadaA 30-year dataset of evapotranspiration (ET) at 1-kmresolution was generated over Canada’s landmass using theland surface model EALCO driven by gridded climate dataof years 1979-2008 and land surface data derived mostlyfrom remote sensing. EALCO is a physically based numericalmodel developed to simulate the ecological and hydrologicalprocesses of terrestrial ecosystems using Earth Observations.ET is simulated in EALCO through solving the coupledradiation, energy, and water balance equations at 30-minutetime step. Plant carbon and nitrogen processes aredynamically coupled with energy and water processes tosimulate the plant physiological control on ET. This longtermhigh resolution ET dataset was used to characterize thespatiotemporal variations of land surface ET in Canada. Ourresults show that ET varied remarkably both in time andspace over Canada’s landmass. The modelled annual ETreaches about 600 mm over several regions in the southernpart of the country including the western Pacific Maritime,southern Montane Cordillera, southern Mixed Wood Plainsand Boreal Shield, and southeastern Atlantic Maritime. Theannual ET is modelled below 100 mm in the northern arcticregions. Annually, ET took large part of the precipitationalong a broad strip stretching from the Prairies in the south,northwestward through Boreal Plains and Taiga Plains, tothe regions of Taiga Cordillera and northwest Arctic. Inparticular, the ratio of ET to precipitation is close to 1.0 inthe central and southern part of the Prairies where the driestplaces in Canada are located. Since irrigation and water bodyevaporation are not included in this study, the actual ETover these areas could well exceed the amount ofprecipitation. Over the rest of the landmass, annual totalprecipitation is significantly higher than ET. The seasonalvariations of ET were dramatic due to the pronouncedseasonal changes in climate and vegetation. The monthly ETin July reached the highest for all of the 15 ecozones inCanada. In the cold season months which last about half ayear, the monthly ET remained below 10 mm for most of theecozones. Negative ET was obtained over the arctic regionduring the winter months, indicating the EALCO model hassimulated a larger amount of condensation thanevapotranspiration during the cold season. In contrast, theseasonal distribution of precipitation was less pronouncedthan ET, with more amount of precipitation occurred in thesecond half of the year. Overall, the modelled average ETover the entire Canadian landmass during the 30 years of1979-2008 was 239 mm year-1, or 44% of its correspondingprecipitation. Comparison with existing studies of ET inCanada was conducted revealing uncertainties in ETestimates by using different approaches of surface waterbudget, atmospheric moisture budget, various modellingincluding remote sensing, atmosphere model forecast andreanalysis. The scarcity of ET measurements for the diverseecosystems in Canada remains a significant challenge forreducing the uncertainties in ET estimates; this gap needs tobe addressed in future studies to improve our capabilities inclimate/weather modelling and water resource management.Wei, HelinThe application of satellite remote-sensing dataproducts for land surface modeling in the NCEPoperational modelsWei, Helin 1 ; Meng, Jesse 1 ; Zheng, Weizhong 1 ; Ek, Mike 11. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC, Camp Springs, MD, USAThe land surface application of remote sensing aregetting more and more advanced. For the NCEP operationalmodels, not only do they provide the high-resolution spatialinformation for land surface characterization, but also moreproducts are assimilated to improve the accuracy of theweather/climate forecasts. In this presentation, twoapplications of satellite remote-sensing data will be shown.The first one is using CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) in the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS)Reanalysis. The second one is the assimilation of the SoilMoisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture in theNCEP Global Forecast System (GFS).Wilson, JeanRegional scale assessment of SubmarineGroundwater Discharge in Ireland combiningmedium resolution satellite imagery andgeochemical tracing techniquesWilson, Jean 1 ; Rocha, Carlos 11. Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandSubmarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is receivingconsiderable attention in the literature as a major pathwayfor anthropogenic pollutants travelling from land to sea.While SGD comprises less than 10% of global freshwatersources to oceans, the ecological impact of groundwater may150
e very significant as seepage occurs over large areas andassociated solute concentrations are often several orders ofmagnitude greater than those in receiving surface waters.Recognition that SGD is an important pathway forfreshwater and associated materials to near shore marineenvironments implies the development of tools that willfacilitate regional coastal zone assessments of itsenvironmental impact, including localization, spatial extentand magnitude as well as the provision of geographical andgeomorphological constraints for follow-up studies aimingat precise quantification of pollutant discharges whilekeeping costs at a minimum. Here, a tiered, three-stepapproach is proposed as the most effective and affordablemeans to assess the regional extent of groundwaterdischarge at the coast. This paper sets the foundation for theuse of freely available Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM+) thermal infrared (TIR) imagery as a preliminarygeographical constraint of the approach, culminating insubsequent on-site verification and quantification usingRadon-222 (222Rn) as a natural groundwater tracer. Ourresults show that sea surface temperature values (SST)derived from the Landsat ETM+ TIR waveband can be usedto successfully detect plumes of colder water associated withSGD in close proximity to the shoreline. By combiningthermal information with ancillary on-shore spatial datasetsdescribing bedrock geology including aquifer fault lines, thesecond stage of the approach links potential sites of SGDidentified from temperature anomalies observed at sea togeological features on land acting as possible sources.Finally, on-site verification of groundwater discharge isundertaken via surveys aiming to measure 222Rn as aquantitative tracer of SGD. Practical application of theapproach is illustrated through a case-study of the Republicof Ireland in the context of coastal zone management whereover 30 previously unidentified links between aquifers onland and the sea have been highlighted as part of an ongoingstudy.Wilson, Matthew D.The Surface Water and Ocean Topography SatelliteMission – An Assessment of Swath AltimetryMeasurements of River HydrodynamicsWilson, Matthew D. 1 ; Durand, Michael 2, 3 ; Alsdorf, Douglas 2,3 ; Jung, Hahn Chul 4 ; Andreadis, Konstantinos M. 5 ; Lee,Hyongki 61. Geography Unit, University of the West Indies, StAugustine, Trinidad and Tobago2. Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University,Columbus, OH, USA3. School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University,Columbus, OH, USA4. Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA5. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, CA, USA6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USAThe Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT)satellite mission, scheduled for launch in 2020 withdevelopment commencing in 2015, will provide a stepchangeimprovement in the measurement of terrestrialsurface water storage and dynamics. In particular, it willprovide the first, routine two-dimensional measurements ofwater surface elevations, which will allow for the estimationof river and floodplain flows via the water surface slope. Inthis paper, we characterize the measurements which may beobtained from SWOT and illustrate how they may be used toderive estimates of river discharge. In particular, we show (i)the spatio-temporal sampling scheme of SWOT, (ii) theerrors which maybe expected in swath altimetrymeasurements of the terrestrial surface water, and (iii) theimpacts such errors may have on estimates of water surfaceslope and river discharge. We illustrate this through a“virtual mission” study for a ~300 km reach of the centralAmazon river, using a hydraulic model to provide watersurface elevations according to the SWOT spatio-temporalsampling scheme (orbit with 78° inclination, 22 day repeatand 140 km swath width) to which errors were added basedon a two-dimension height error spectrum derived from theSWOT design requirements. Water surface elevationmeasurements for the Amazon mainstem as may be observedby SWOT were thereby obtained. Using these measurements,estimates of river slope and discharge were derived andcompared to those which may be obtained without error,and those obtained directly from the hydraulic model. It wasfound that discharge can be reproduced highly accuratelyfrom the water height, without knowledge of the detailedchannel bathymetry using a modified Manning’s equation, iffriction, depth, width and slope are known. Increasing reachlength was found to be an effective method to reducesystematic height error in SWOT measurements.151
Page 5 and 6:
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMSUNDAY, 19 FEBRUA
Page 7 and 8:
1600h - 1900hMM-1MM-2MM-3MM-4MM-5MM
Page 9 and 10:
GM-7GM-8GM-9GM-10GM-11GM-12GM-13160
Page 11 and 12:
EM-25EM-26EM-27EM-28EM-29EM-301600h
Page 13 and 14:
SMM-8SMM-9SMM-10SMM-11SMM-12SMM-13S
Page 15 and 16:
SCM-24SCM-251600h - 1900hPM-1PM-2PM
Page 17 and 18:
1030h - 1200h1030h - 1200h1030h - 1
Page 19 and 20:
ET-13ET-14ET-15ET-16ET-17ET-18ET-19
Page 21 and 22:
SWT-19SWT-201600h - 1900hSMT-1SMT-2
Page 23 and 24:
SCT-14SCT-15SCT-16SCT-17SCT-18SCT-1
Page 25 and 26:
MT-2MT-3MT-4MT-5MT-6MT-7MT-8MT-9MT-
Page 27 and 28:
1330h - 1530h1530h - 1600h1600h - 1
Page 29 and 30:
esilience to hydrological hazards a
Page 31 and 32:
Alfieri, Joseph G.The Factors Influ
Page 33 and 34:
Montana and Oregon. Other applicati
Page 35 and 36:
accuracy of snow derivation from si
Page 37 and 38:
seasonal trends, and integrate clou
Page 40 and 41:
a single mission, the phrase “nea
Page 42 and 43:
climate and land surface unaccounte
Page 44 and 45:
esolution lidar-derived DEM was com
Page 46 and 47:
further verified that even for conv
Page 48 and 49:
underway and its utility can be ass
Page 50 and 51:
Courault, DominiqueAssessment of mo
Page 52 and 53:
used three Landsat-5 TM images (05/
Page 55:
storage change solutions in the for
Page 59 and 60:
Famiglietti, James S.Getting Real A
Page 61 and 62:
can be thought of as operating in t
Page 63 and 64:
mission and will address the follow
Page 65 and 66:
Gan, Thian Y.Soil Moisture Retrieva
Page 67 and 68:
match the two sets of estimates. Th
Page 69 and 70:
producing CGF snow cover products.
Page 71 and 72:
performance of the AWRA-L model for
Page 73 and 74:
oth local and regional hydrology. T
Page 75 and 76:
Euphorbia heterandena, and Echinops
Page 77 and 78:
the effectiveness of this calibrati
Page 79 and 80:
presents challenges to the validati
Page 81 and 82:
long period time (1976-2010) was co
Page 83 and 84:
has more improved resolution ( ) to
Page 85 and 86:
in the flow over the floodplain ari
Page 87 and 88:
fraction of the fresh water resourc
Page 89 and 90:
to determine the source of the wate
Page 91 and 92:
hydrologists, was initially assigne
Page 93 and 94:
Sturm et al. (1995) introduced a se
Page 95 and 96:
calendar day are then truncated and
Page 97 and 98:
climate associated with hydrologica
Page 99 and 100: California Institute of Technology
Page 101 and 102: egion in Northern California that i
Page 103 and 104: Moller, DelwynTopographic Mapping o
Page 105 and 106: obtained from the Fifth Microwave W
Page 107 and 108: a constraint that is observed spati
Page 109 and 110: groundwater degradation, seawater i
Page 111 and 112: approach to estimate soil water con
Page 113 and 114: Norouzi, HamidrezaLand Surface Char
Page 115 and 116: Painter, Thomas H.The JPL Airborne
Page 117 and 118: Pavelsky, Tamlin M.Continuous River
Page 119 and 120: interferometric synthetic aperture
Page 121 and 122: elevant satellite missions, such as
Page 123 and 124: support decision-making related to
Page 125 and 126: oth the quantification of human wat
Page 127 and 128: parameter inversion of the time inv
Page 129 and 130: ground-based observational forcing
Page 131 and 132: Selkowitz, DavidExploring Landsat-d
Page 133 and 134: Shahroudi, NargesMicrowave Emissivi
Page 135 and 136: well as subsurface hydrological con
Page 137 and 138: Sturm, MatthewRemote Sensing and Gr
Page 139 and 140: Sutanudjaja, Edwin H.Using space-bo
Page 141 and 142: which can be monitored as an indica
Page 143 and 144: tools and methods to address one of
Page 145 and 146: Vanderjagt, Benjamin J.How sub-pixe
Page 147 and 148: Vila, Daniel A.Satellite Rainfall R
Page 149: and landuse sustainability. In this
Page 153 and 154: Wood, Eric F.Challenges in Developi
Page 155 and 156: Xie, PingpingGauge - Satellite Merg
Page 157 and 158: Yebra, MartaRemote sensing canopy c
Page 159 and 160: used. PIHM has ability to simulate
show all

2012 AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?