2012 AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the ...

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the METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at highResolution using Internalized Calibration) model with andwithout slope-aspect based radiation algorithms and withand without terrain-roughness-related aerodynamicalgorithms to map ET for the study area. METRIC modelpredictions were compared with measurements from BREBSto evaluate generic model accuracy for estimating daily ET.Ishimoto, HiroshiMicrowave Scattering Properties of ComplexShaped SnowflakesIshimoto, Hiroshi 1 ; Aonashi, Kazumasa 11. Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, JapanIn the algorithm of precipitation retrieval by multichannelsatellite microwave radiometer, forward calculationsthat estimate microwave brightness temperatures in thegiven liquid and ice water profiles are crucial. Within someassumptions related to radiative transfer calculations, singlescattering property of snow particles is an important factor.We have investigated the microwave scattering properties ofsnowflakes for the purposes of improving the accuracy offorward calculation in the precipitation retrieval algorithmof the GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of PrecipitationProject). Since the shapes of snowflakes are highly complex,simple models of their shapes, such as equivalent volumespheres and soft spheres/spheroids, may cause large errors inestimating ice water contents. In this work, we proposed amodel of complex shaped snowflakes. The modeledsnowflakes were the aggregates of planar crystals and theshape of the crystals were determined from sampled images.Furthermore, the overall shapes and masses of the modeledaggregates were chosen to be consistent with the measuredgeometries of the snowflakes. By using this shape model andusing Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method,electromagnetic scattering properties of snowflakes atfrequencies 89GHz and 36GHz were estimated. The resultsof some scattering properties were compared with those ofour previously proposed fractal snowflake models as well asthose of volume equivalent spheres. It is found that ournewly developed snowflake model shows similar sizedependences for scattering cross sections and asymmetryfactors to those of fractal models with fractal dimensions1.8~2.1. For the next step, we are planning to investigate theeffect of ice melting in microwave radiative properties. Anapproach by using numerical simulations of hydrodynamicsfor the deformation of ice particles is briefly discussed.78Numerically created aggregate for a model of snowflakes.Jackson, Thomas J.Advances in the Validation of Satellite SoilMoisture Products with In Situ ObservationsINVITEDJackson, Thomas J. 11. Hydrology & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA ARS, Beltsville,MD, USASatellite-based remote sensing of soil moisture has comea long way in the past decade with regard to providing anaccurate and reliable product. In the early years (1970s) suboptimalsensors designed for other applications were used toexplore the concept without having a planned groundvalidation component. Beginning with the AdvancedMicrowave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR and AMSR-E) in2002, better sensors became available and soil moistureremote sensing was supported as a standard product with adedicated validation program. With the launch of the SoilMoisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission in 2009 and theplanned Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite in2014, we now enter an era of dedicated soil moisturemissions. SMAP, as well as other soil moisture missions, havespecific requirements for validation that include accuracy, aswell as a defined timeline (~15 months after launch forSMAP). One of the most important methodologies availablefor validating satellite soil moisture is data from in situobserving networks. The technology of in situ soil moistureremote sensing has also advanced over the same period thatsatellite sensing progressed. Prior to 2000, the majority ofthe routine measurements available were made using eithergravimetric or neutron probes on an infrequent basis. As aresult of more reliable sensors and improved data acquisitionsystems, the number of in situ soil moisture networksavailable has increased. Satellite missions produce globalproducts; therefore, it is desirable we continue the expansionof the number and geographical distribution of thesenetworks. Unfortunately, these networks have evolvedwithout national or international standardization, which
presents challenges to the validation of satellite-based soilmoisture remote sensing, which requires the integration ofnumerous networks. In addition to the issues of a limitednumber of sites and their standardization, the validation ofsatellite-based soil moisture products faces the challenge ofresolving the disparate scales of the sensor footprints (~10-40 km) and the in situ sensors (several centimeters).Background on the evolution of satellite-based soil moistureremote sensing validation, the status and expected advancesin both the satellite and in situ resources, and approachesthat are bring used to address the issues will be presented.USDA is an Equal Opportunity Employer.Johnson, Shawana P.Geospatial Intelligence and Biomass Research forFreshwater, Food, Feed and EnergyJohnson, Shawana P. 1 ; Hendricks, Robert C. 2 ; Venners, JohnP. 3 ; Thomas, Anna E. 41. Global Marketing Insights, Inc, Independence, OH, USA2. Glenn Research Center, NASA, Cleveland, OH, USA3. Bio Fuel, BioEcoTek-Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA4. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USAWe are a planet in transition, and as freshwater resourcesmelt away or “dry up,” severe conflicts between agriculturaland domestic water rights will place high demands forremediation of brackish waters and restricted usage.Suchclimatic changes and demands call for “Green PlanetArchitecture,” creating symbiotic relations betweenecological systems and geospatial intelligence (based onsatellite surveillance and ground sources data). Thearchitecture can provide predictive and preventive modelingnetworks that reflect global needs and induce the possibilityof corrective action. Global distributed network connectedsources of food, feed, freshwater, waste-recovery and energyin closed ecological cycle climate adaptive systems arerequired to provide environmentally neutral- to-positivebenefits (returning more to the environment than takingfrom it). “Green Planet Architecture” provides for theintroduction and development of new climatic adaptivebiomass sources for feed and food that displace the intensedemand for energy, as well as those already known but littledeveloped. Currently, some energy forms can be diverted foraviation or other fuels; safe, high energy-density, sustainable,secure, and economically viable fuels are a premium in theaviation industry. Biomass residuals provide land-basedpower plants for general power and transportation. Thispaper will demonstrate the application of geospatialintelligence and the ways in which it is synergistic with thedevelopment of salicornia, seashore mallow, castor, moringa,and other plants that can off-load energy sources for use aspremium fuels, such as those required for aviation and themanagement of freshwater. Biomass fuel research anddevelopment will benefit fueling and energy in the nearterm,but freshwater food and feed in the far-term. Theopportunities are of enormous proportions to providehumanity with freshwater, food, feed and energy. Geospatialintelligence data are being used globally for virtuallythousands of unique and complementary agriculture, watermanagement, carbon management and applications. NASAsatellite data in particular is of high value in these projectssince it is those sensors such as MODIS which provide themost frequent global coverage. There is much work beingdone both within NASA and with external companies tofurther the potential of geospatial intelligence. The Decadalearth science survey brings together the work of manydifferent agencies such as NASA and NOAA (NationalOceanographic and atmospheric Administration) to studyan effective approach of space-observation systems. Over 15datasets will be reviewed to determine their application andimpact to the model of Green Planet Architecture. Advancesin technology further enable data collection and have beenproven for water and snow distribution, ocean salinity, andwind patterns and data ingest. Combining thesetechnologies with results from the Decadal missions willexpand current information capabilities to learn about soilcondition, moisture, and nutrients, pathogen and otherinvasive species, and more.www.globalinsights.comJung, Hahn ChulImproved calibration of modeled discharge andstorage change in the Atchafalaya Floodplain usingSAR interferometryJung, Hahn Chul 1 ; Michael, Jasinski 1 ; Kim, Jin-Woo 2 ; Shum,C.k. 2 ; Bates, Paul 3 ; Neal, Jeffrey 3 ; Lee, Hyongki 4 ; Alsdorf,Doug 21. Hydrological Sciences, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA2. School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University,Columbus, OH, USA3. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol,Bristol, United Kingdom4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USAThis study focuses on the feasibility of using SARinterferometry to support 2D hydrodynamic modelcalibration and provide water storage change in thefloodplain. Two-dimensional (2D) flood inundationmodeling has been widely studied using storage cellapproaches with the availability of high resolution, remotelysensed floodplain topography. The development of coupled1D/2D flood modeling has shown improved calculation of2D floodplain inundation as well as channel water elevation.Most floodplain model results have been validated usingremote sensing methods for inundation extent. However, fewstudies show the quantitative validation of spatial variationsin floodplain water elevations in the 2D modeling sincemost of the gauges are located along main river channelsand traditional single track satellite altimetry over thefloodplain are limited.. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)interferometry recently has been proven to be useful formeasuring centimeter-scale water elevation changes over thefloodplain. In the current study, we apply the LISFLOODhydrodynamic model to the central Atchafalaya River Basin,Louisiana, during a 62 day period from 1 April to 1 June79
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SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMSUNDAY, 19 FEBRUA
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1600h - 1900hMM-1MM-2MM-3MM-4MM-5MM
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Page 29 and 30: esilience to hydrological hazards a
Page 31 and 32: Alfieri, Joseph G.The Factors Influ
Page 33 and 34: Montana and Oregon. Other applicati
Page 35 and 36: accuracy of snow derivation from si
Page 37 and 38: seasonal trends, and integrate clou
Page 40 and 41: a single mission, the phrase “nea
Page 42 and 43: climate and land surface unaccounte
Page 44 and 45: esolution lidar-derived DEM was com
Page 46 and 47: further verified that even for conv
Page 48 and 49: underway and its utility can be ass
Page 50 and 51: Courault, DominiqueAssessment of mo
Page 52 and 53: used three Landsat-5 TM images (05/
Page 55: storage change solutions in the for
Page 59 and 60: Famiglietti, James S.Getting Real A
Page 61 and 62: can be thought of as operating in t
Page 63 and 64: mission and will address the follow
Page 65 and 66: Gan, Thian Y.Soil Moisture Retrieva
Page 67 and 68: match the two sets of estimates. Th
Page 69 and 70: producing CGF snow cover products.
Page 71 and 72: performance of the AWRA-L model for
Page 73 and 74: oth local and regional hydrology. T
Page 75 and 76: Euphorbia heterandena, and Echinops
Page 77: the effectiveness of this calibrati
Page 81 and 82: long period time (1976-2010) was co
Page 83 and 84: has more improved resolution ( ) to
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Page 87 and 88: fraction of the fresh water resourc
Page 89 and 90: to determine the source of the wate
Page 91 and 92: hydrologists, was initially assigne
Page 93 and 94: Sturm et al. (1995) introduced a se
Page 95 and 96: calendar day are then truncated and
Page 97 and 98: climate associated with hydrologica
Page 99 and 100: California Institute of Technology
Page 101 and 102: egion in Northern California that i
Page 103 and 104: Moller, DelwynTopographic Mapping o
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Page 107 and 108: a constraint that is observed spati
Page 109 and 110: groundwater degradation, seawater i
Page 111 and 112: approach to estimate soil water con
Page 113 and 114: Norouzi, HamidrezaLand Surface Char
Page 115 and 116: Painter, Thomas H.The JPL Airborne
Page 117 and 118: Pavelsky, Tamlin M.Continuous River
Page 119 and 120: interferometric synthetic aperture
Page 121 and 122: elevant satellite missions, such as
Page 123 and 124: support decision-making related to
Page 125 and 126: oth the quantification of human wat
Page 127 and 128: parameter inversion of the time inv
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ground-based observational forcing
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Selkowitz, DavidExploring Landsat-d
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Shahroudi, NargesMicrowave Emissivi
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well as subsurface hydrological con
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Sturm, MatthewRemote Sensing and Gr
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Sutanudjaja, Edwin H.Using space-bo
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which can be monitored as an indica
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tools and methods to address one of
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Vanderjagt, Benjamin J.How sub-pixe
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Vila, Daniel A.Satellite Rainfall R
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and landuse sustainability. In this
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e very significant as seepage occur
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Wood, Eric F.Challenges in Developi
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Xie, PingpingGauge - Satellite Merg
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Yebra, MartaRemote sensing canopy c
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used. PIHM has ability to simulate
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