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Pathology of the Head and Neck

Pathology of the Head and Neck

Pathology of the Head and Neck

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ContentsXVII7.6.4 Paraganglioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2157.6.5 Granular Cell Tumour . . . . . . . . . . . 2167.6.6 Chondroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177.7 Malignant Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177.7.1 Potentially Malignant (Precancerous)Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177.7.2 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma . . . . 2187.7.2.1 Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187.7.2.2 Aetiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187.7.2.3 Anatomic Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187.7.2.4 Histological Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . 2197.7.2.5 TNM Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207.7.3 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma . . . . . . . . 2207.7.3.1 Well-DifferentiatedNeuroendocrine Carcinoma(Carcinoid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207.7.3.2 Moderately DifferentiatedNeuroendocrine Carcinoma(Atypical Carcinoid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207.7.3.3 Poorly DifferentiatedNeuroendocrine Carcinoma(Small Cell Carcinoma) . . . . . . . . . . . 2217.7.4 Adenocarcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2227.7.4.1 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . 2227.7.4.2 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma . . . . . . . . 2227.7.5 Sarcomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2237.7.5.1 Chondrosarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2237.7.5.2 O<strong>the</strong>r Sarcomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2247.7.6 O<strong>the</strong>r Malignant Neoplasms . . . . . . . . 2247.7.6.1 Malignant Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 2247.7.6.2 Extraosseus (Extramedullary)Plasmacytoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2247.7.6.3 Primary Mucosal Melanoma . . . . . . . . 2257.7.6.4 Metastases to <strong>the</strong> Larynx . . . . . . . . . . 225References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2268 Ear <strong>and</strong> Temporal Bone . . . . . . . . . 234L. Michaels8.1 Summary <strong>of</strong> Embryology,Anatomy <strong>and</strong> Histology . . . . . . . . . . . 2368.1.1 Embryology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2368.1.2 Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2368.1.3 Histology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2378.2 External Ear <strong>and</strong> Auditory Canal . . . . . 2378.2.1 Inflammatory <strong>and</strong> Metabolic Lesions . . . 2378.2.1.1 Diffuse External Otitis . . . . . . . . . . . . 2378.2.1.2 Perichondritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2378.2.1.3 Malignant Otitis Externa . . . . . . . . . . 2378.2.1.4 Relapsing Polychondritis . . . . . . . . . . 2388.2.1.5 Gout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388.2.1.6 Ochronosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388.2.2 Pseudocystic <strong>and</strong> Cystic Lesions . . . . . . 2388.2.2.1 Idiopathic PseudocysticChondromalacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388.2.2.2 First Branchial Cleft Cyst . . . . . . . . . . 2388.2.3 Tumour-Like Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.2.3.1 Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis . . . 2398.2.3.2 Keratosis Obturans <strong>and</strong> Cholesteatoma<strong>of</strong> External Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.2.3.3 Keratin Granuloma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.2.3.4 Angiolymphoid Hyperplasiawith Eosinophilia<strong>and</strong> Kimura’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.2.3.5 Accessory Tragus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2408.2.3.6 Keloid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2408.2.4 Benign Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2408.2.4.1 Adenoma <strong>of</strong> Ceruminal Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . 2408.2.4.2 Pleomorphic Adenoma<strong>of</strong> Ceruminal Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418.2.4.3 Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum<strong>of</strong> Ceruminal Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418.2.4.4 Bony Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418.2.5 Malignant Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428.2.5.1 Adenocarcinoma<strong>of</strong> Ceruminal Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428.2.5.2 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma<strong>of</strong> Ceruminal Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428.2.5.3 Basal Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428.2.5.4 Squamous Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . 2438.2.5.5 Melanotic Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 2438.3 Middle Ear <strong>and</strong> Mastoid . . . . . . . . . . 2448.3.1 Inflammatory Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . 2448.3.1.1 Acute <strong>and</strong> Chronic Otitis Media . . . . . . 2448.3.1.2 Cholesteatoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2448.3.1.3 Unusual Inflammatory Lesions . . . . . . 2478.3.2 Neoplasms <strong>and</strong> LesionsResembling Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . 2478.3.2.1 Choristoma(Salivary Gl<strong>and</strong>, Glial<strong>and</strong> Sebaceous Types) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2478.3.2.2 Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2478.3.2.3 Papillary Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488.3.2.4 Jugulotympanic Paraganglioma . . . . . . 2498.3.2.5 Squamous Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 2508.3.2.6 Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2518.3.2.7 Rhabdomyosarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2518.3.2.8 Metastatic Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528.4 Inner Ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528.4.1 Bony Labyrinth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528.4.1.1 Otosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528.4.1.2 Paget’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.4.1.3 Osteogenesis Imperfecta . . . . . . . . . . 2548.4.1.4 Osteopetrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.4.2 Membranous Labyrinth<strong>and</strong> Cranial Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.4.2.1 Viral, Bacterial<strong>and</strong> Mycotic Infections . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.4.2.2 Lesions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vestibular System . . . . . . 2568.4.2.3 Tumours <strong>and</strong> Tumour-Like Lesions . . . . 257

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