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Pathology of the Head and Neck

Pathology of the Head and Neck

Pathology of the Head and Neck

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Chapter 5Major <strong>and</strong> MinorSalivary Gl<strong>and</strong>sS. Di Palma · R.H.W. Simpson · A. Skalova · I. Leivo5Contents5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.1.1 Normal Salivary Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.1.2 Developmental Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.2 Obstructive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.2.1 Mucus Escape Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.2.2 Chronic Sclerosing Sialadenitis<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Subm<strong>and</strong>ibular Gl<strong>and</strong> (Küttner Tumour) . . . 1335.3. Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.3.1 Bacteria, Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.3.2 Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.4 Miscellaneous Inflammatory Disorders . . . . . . . . 1335.5 Miscellaneous Non-Inflammatory Disorders . . . . . 1335.5.1 Necrotising Sialometaplasia(Salivary Gl<strong>and</strong> Infarction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.5.2 Sialadenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.5.3 Adenomatoid Hyperplasia<strong>of</strong> Mucous Salivary Gl<strong>and</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.5.4 Irradiation Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.5.5 Tissue ChangesFollowing Fine Needle Aspiration . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.6 Oncocytic Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.6.1 Focal <strong>and</strong> Diffuse Oncocytosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.6.2 Ductal Oncocytosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345.6.3 Multifocal Nodular Oncocytic Hyperplasia . . . . . . 1355.7 Cysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355.7.1 Salivary Polycystic Dysgenetic Disease . . . . . . . . . 1355.7.2 Mucoceles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355.7.3 Simple Salivary Duct Cysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355.7.4 Lymphoepi<strong>the</strong>lial Cystic Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355.7.4.1 Benign Lymphoepi<strong>the</strong>lial Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355.7.4.2 Cystic Lymphoid Hyperplasia <strong>of</strong> AIDS . . . . . . . . . 1365.7.5 Sclerosing Polycystic Sialadenopathy(Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365.7.6 O<strong>the</strong>r Cysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375.8 Benign Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375.8.1 Pleomorphic Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375.8.1.1 Salivary Gl<strong>and</strong> Anlage Tumour(“Congenital Pleomorphic Adenoma”) . . . . . . . . . 1405.8.2 Benign Myoepi<strong>the</strong>lioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405.8.3 Basal Cell Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415.8.4 Warthin’s Tumour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425.8.5 Oncocytoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435.8.6 Canalicular Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435.8.7 Sebaceous Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.8.8 Sebaceous Lymphadenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.8.9 Ductal Papilloma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.8.10 Cystadenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.9 Malignant Epi<strong>the</strong>lial Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.9.1 Acinic Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.9.2 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465.9.3 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475.9.4 Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma . . . . . 1485.9.4.1 Cribriform Adenocarcinoma <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tongue . . . . . . 1495.9.5 Epi<strong>the</strong>lial-Myoepi<strong>the</strong>lial Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . 1505.9.6 Hyalinising Clear Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.9.7 Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.9.8 Myoepi<strong>the</strong>lial Carcinoma(Malignant Myoepi<strong>the</strong>lioma) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525.9.9 Salivary Duct Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1545.9.10 Oncocytic Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555.9.11 Malignancy in Pleomorphic AdenomaMalignant Mixed Tumour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565.9.11.1 Carcinoma (True Malignant Mixed Tumour)Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565.9.11.2 Carcinosarcoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma . . . . . . 1575.9.11.3 Metastasising Pleomorphic Adenoma . . . . . . . . . 1575.9.12 Sebaceous Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1585.9.13 Lymphoepi<strong>the</strong>lial Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1585.9.14 Small Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1585.9.15 Higher Grade Change in Carcinomas . . . . . . . . . 1595.9.16 Metastatic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595.10 Hybrid Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605.11 Endodermal Sinus Tumour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605.12 Sialoblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605.13 Alterations in Gene Expression<strong>and</strong> Molecular Derangementsin Salivary Gl<strong>and</strong> Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605.13.1 Predominantly Myoepi<strong>the</strong>lial Malignancies . . . . . . 1615.13.2 Predominantly Epi<strong>the</strong>lial Malignancies . . . . . . . . 1615.14 Benign <strong>and</strong> Malignant Lymphoid Infiltrates . . . . . 1625.14.1 Non-Autoimmune Lymphoid Infiltrates . . . . . . . . 1625.14.2 Benign Autoimmune Lymphoid Infiltrates . . . . . . 1625.14.3 Malignant Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635.15 O<strong>the</strong>r Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635.16 Unclassified Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

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