High Resolution 1:10,000 scale Mapping Strategy of Multi ... - NDMA

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earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 and above have been plotted for last 100 years (1905 to 2006) in India and neighborhood, which clearly depict the seismicity of India. The clear feature of the seismicity plot is the earthquake events are mainly distributed along with the plate boundary and Kutch. However, the devastating intra plate earthquake of magnitude 6 and above are also seen to be occurring over main land along with active seismotectonics faults making more than 50% of the land area earthquake hazard prone. CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES Earthquake swarms Earthquake swarms also occur frequently over land mass. These are low intensity (around 3 magnitude) series of earthquakes occurring at the location. The frequency of tremors could be as high of 50 shocks a day. These are normally originated from shallow depth. The Maharashtra (Nanded 2006-08), Haryana (Jind 2003) and Gujarat (Bhavnagar-2000) are typical examples. These swarms cause damage to hutments and even cracks in RCC structures. Aftershocks An aftershock is an earthquake that occurs after a previous earthquake, the main shock. An aftershock is in the same region of the main shock but always of a smaller magnitude. If an aftershock is larger than the main shock, the aftershock is redesignated as the main shock and the original main shock is redesignated as a foreshock. Aftershocks are formed as the crust around the displaced fault plane adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large numbers of aftershocks have been recorded by IMD after each earthquake magnitude 6 and above viz Bhuj, Uttar Kashi, Chamoli, Jabalapur etc. Some time aftershocks cause significant loss of life and property and Latur earthquake is a typical example in India. The aftershock of Bhuj earthquake has caused lot of damage to property. Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving 25
into Euranasian Plate at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year northwards. Almost 54% of the Indian land mass is vulnerable to earthquakes. The latest version of BIS seismic zoning map divides India in four seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5). According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. Shaking and ground rupture Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures. The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude, the distance from the epicenter, and the local geological and geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation. The ground-shaking is measured by ground acceleration. Specific local geological, geomorphological, and geostructural features can induce high levels of shaking on the ground surface even from low-intensity earthquakes. This effect is called site or local amplification. It is principally due to the transfer of the seismic motion from hard deep soils to soft superficial soils and to effects of seismic energy focalization owing to typical geometrical setting of the deposits. Ground rupture is a visible breaking and displacement of the Earth's surface along the trace of the fault, which may be of the order of several metres in the case of major earthquakes. Ground rupture is a major risk for large engineering structures such as dams, bridges and nuclear power stations and requires careful mapping of existing faults to identify any likely to break the ground surface within the life of the structure. Landslides and avalanches Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard. Landslide danger may persist while emergency personnel are attempting rescue. 26
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High Resolution 1:10,000 scale Mapp
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6 7 8 9 5.4 Mapping Requirement for
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TECHNOLOGY FOR 1:10,000 SCALE MAPPI
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10 11 Table 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 9.3
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Appendix No. Heading no. APPENDICES
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XIV APP 13.1 Methodology For Aerial
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APP 19.9 Pure Server - Map Servers
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Figure APP 5.2 Figure APP 5.3 Table
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Figure APP 20.4 Design of GCP Libra
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CWC Central Water Commission LIDRA
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BMTPC Building Materials and Techno
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Formerly known as PUCC, the Digital
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The Toronto Mono Viewer (TMV) is an
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Preamble Map is an attempt to depic
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Survey of India is already in posse
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uildings can be comfortably depicte
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The seismo-tectonics of India is un
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Figure 2. 2: Landslide Hazard Map (
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The combined threat from these majo
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prepared at various accuracies. For
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CHAPTER 3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
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SN PHASE DESCRIPTION 1 PLANNING 2 M
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egional, city, state and national l
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GIS DATABASE FOR DISASTER MANAGEMEN
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quantitative in nature and GIS is u
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4. Source Procurement: passive and
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India meteorological department is
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QUALITY CHECK FOR IMPACT FOR HAZARD
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SUMMRY FOR CYCLONE HAZARD ZONATION
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Mostly the coastal districts of Wes
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1. Aerial mapping at scale 1:2,000
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e. Selection of the predictive rela
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Studies and other information PHASE
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Solution: It is assumed that the at
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For example earthquake 1 gives an i
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CHAPTER 6 METHODOLOGY FOR FLOOD HAZ
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Figure 6.2 : Major rivers in India
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Andhra Pradesh coastal rivers Penne
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Indus river basin Rivers flowing in
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Year 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958
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Figure 6.4 : Year wise total damage
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extent of flooding for an expected
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METHODOLOGY OF FLOOD HAZARD ZONING
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Catchment Area Rainfall measurement
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BASE MAP INFORMATION Land surface r
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and hilly areas, which corresponds
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7. The DEM/DSM/DTM model to be crea
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CHAPTER 7 METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD MA
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should show the locations of previo
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LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MODELING
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MAPPING REQUIREMENT FOR LANDSLIDE H
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was that ground control points (GCP
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The following methodologies may be
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scanners, large format digital line
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Generation 0.5 m 1 m 2.5 m 5m and A
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A brief comparative of the various
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1:10,000 0.25 m 2.5 m 1:16,000 0.25
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Some of the available sensors resol
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Distance between successive ground
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� Ortho-rectified geo-coded produ
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CARTOSAT 1 There is now an increasi
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Standard Products 01 02 03 Radiomet
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performance star sensors, imaging a
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Digital data format- Geo TIFF Preci
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Spectral Range 450-900 nm Swath Wid
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miles) per day of half-meter imager
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CHAPTER 11 REQUIRED ACCURACIES Earl
Page 135 and 136: changed on UTM). 5. Theme Content C
Page 137 and 138: cent of the country is covered. The
Page 139 and 140: accuracies in X, Y and Z director,
Page 141 and 142: 2) 2D feature extraction Extraction
Page 143 and 144: perceptions, accuracy of Contour ge
Page 145 and 146: 8. AQC system based on NSD / OGC /
Page 147 and 148: Resampling NN Not Applicable KD16 F
Page 149 and 150: Product Type � All Geocoded produ
Page 151 and 152: Full Vectorization Except Contours
Page 153 and 154: IKONOS HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IM
Page 155 and 156: � There is a 210 sq. km minimum o
Page 157 and 158: Optical Data Processing Options Opt
Page 159 and 160: Core Processor Inertially Aided RTK
Page 161 and 162: The Task Force constituted Thematic
Page 163 and 164: APPENDICES App 1
Page 165 and 166: Zone and district management - Main
Page 167 and 168: Sensitive zones impact/damage DESIG
Page 169 and 170: 5 Performance resolution obtained.
Page 171 and 172: Phase I: Development Diagnosis, Str
Page 173 and 174: Studies and other information Anima
Page 175 and 176: All tropical cyclones are areas of
Page 177 and 178: Deep Depression Cyclonic Storm Seve
Page 179 and 180: depression and moves overland in se
Page 181 and 182: the deaths of about 1 million perso
Page 183 and 184: APPENDIX IV METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD
Page 185: The intra plate earthquakes such as
Page 189 and 190: of the normal perimeter of the body
Page 191 and 192: Infact, magnitude is the measuremen
Page 193 and 194: Degree Force Behavioral effects Str
Page 195 and 196: EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ESTIMATE ISOSIESM
Page 197 and 198: influencing factors are the propert
Page 199 and 200: Mass wasting is a generic term refe
Page 201 and 202: Water Table Potential Failure Plane
Page 203 and 204: C + ( γ -mγw)zcosβ cosβ tanΦ S
Page 205 and 206: τ shear stress σ normal stress μ
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX VI SATELITE IMAGING TECHNI
Page 209 and 210: 2 3 4 5 Laser and radar altimeters
Page 211 and 212: more detail, less coverage. The ski
Page 213 and 214: 2 3 4 Spectral resolution Radiometr
Page 215 and 216: Analysis is the recently developed
Page 217 and 218: 3 4 Variables mapped on uniform spa
Page 219 and 220: Figure App 6.1: Elements of image R
Page 221 and 222: Viewing Direction The first imaging
Page 223 and 224: CCD- configuration Most of the sens
Page 225 and 226: Multi spectral information Sensors
Page 227 and 228: handed system. ITRF is a set of poi
Page 229 and 230: way monuments or control points. Th
Page 231 and 232: 2 3 4 5 6 New software is now intro
Page 233 and 234: Research has expanded to include an
Page 235 and 236: DWG, SVC, and ASV. In order to comp
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SPOT-4 Franc e 3/24/1998 10 20 120
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Hi-res Sterio Imaging China 7/1/200
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To The Chief Secretaries of all Sta
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(b) Security Clearance for Aerial P
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vicinity of Vas/VPs, the requiremen
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the flight track flown by the aircr
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(c) Unrestricted: All AP/ABRSD&I ot
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the three Services Intelligence Age
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(v) All transfers of photographs/im
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(x) without internet connectivity.
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Copy forwarded to:- All Ministries/
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(g) Type of Camera/sensor being use
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(xii) Travelling allowance/daily al
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photography/remote sensing. (ii) No
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Land; VGL- Very Good Land; MGL - Mo
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GCPS (GPS) Field verification and d
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Business Hotel Hostel Guest house C
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Religious Antiquities Utility Cente
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Other Institutions Welfare/reli ef/
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Centre Line of River < 3 m River be
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Canal Features Communication Works
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Pier Light house Lightship Buoy Tid
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Level Crossing Speed Bump/ Speed Hu
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Air traffic control (ATC) Tower Lan
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Inland Wetlands Water-Logged Marshy
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Power Line infrastructure Pylon Pyl
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Oil Pipe Line Infrastructure Oil St
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Solid waste collection points Compo
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Tahsil/Taluk/Mandal/Pragana Block V
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ecognized internationally or approv
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FIDUCIAL MARKS IN NEGATIVES AND CAL
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o In the upper left-hand corner: Da
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may be cause for rejection. However
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APPENDIX XIV NRSA EMPANELMENT PROCE
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hrs. & 1600 hrs. You may also down
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2.5.1 GPS control points list with
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5 b 5 c 5 d 5 e 5 f 5 g Working in
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11 Other relevant information (plea
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Exterior Orientation (EO) file -( e
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04 Technical employees who are on t
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Scale Contour Interval Any other ma
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APPENDIX XV AERIAL MAPPING- LIST OF
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Optech a privately owned company, O
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Applanix Mobile Mapping and Positio
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Fairchild Imaging develops and manu
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TOPCON From survey to inspection, T
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NOVATEL INC NovAtel Inc. is a leadi
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APPENDIX XVII SATELLITE IMAGERY- LI
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GEOEYE GeoEye, Inc. is a premier pr
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10. Speak Systems Ltd B-49, Ec, Kus
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Export & Rsearch (P) Ltd 46. Lumino
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77. Trimble Navigation India Pvt. L
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and a fast growing set of geoscient
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OTHER GIS TOOLS- UNCLASSIFIED 1. Ch
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3. Informix - Allows spatial queryi
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ERDAS ERDAS IMAGINE Yes No Yes No N
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Suite My World GIS home Trial No Ye
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(COM & Java & .NET) Solaris & AIX &
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PURE SERVER - MAP SERVERS Name Lang
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MIXED Name Language WMS WFS WFS-T W
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PURE WEB CLIENT LIBRARIES Name Lang
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t MOBILE CLIENTS LICENSE & PLATFORM
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gvSIG Mini Yes Yes No Yes No No No
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- Product Size (Worldview) will be
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constantly change in time. It is th
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Continuously Operating Reference St
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geodetic datum. GPS observations ar
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and not in well defined network mod
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3. Block Adjustment As it has been
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Figure App 20.7: Imaging procedure
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• the perspective center of the c
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Figure App 20.9: DTM Modeling Digit
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lessens the effect of topographic r
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An image or photograph with an orth
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Figure App 20.10 a,b : Orthoimagery
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APPENDIX- XXI POSSIBLE PPP MODEL WI
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private players who can generate th
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employees in 1999. The ban on fresh
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(f) envisage that the respective ow
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Core Activities SOI Repetetive Acti
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ights of each zone on the basis of
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11. Remote monitoring and online da
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• Available with a number of opti
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• 2 GPS Receivers, Dual Frequency
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earthquake/disaster areas, landslid
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6) SYSTEM COMPONENTS Airborne Surve
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Parameter Gimbal encoder input, AUX
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• Airborne Survey PCS Firmware Op
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