High Resolution 1:10,000 scale Mapping Strategy of Multi ... - NDMA

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constructed of lime placed on the ground, or they shall be painted on the roadway surface. In all cases, a cross, "T" or "Y" template shall be used as a guide. TECHNOLOGY UPDATE FOR ACQUISITION OF GROUND CONTROL POINTS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY VIRTUAL REFERENCE STATIONS For land-based applications a significant productivity improvement in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning has been achieved using the concept of a “Virtual Reference Station” or VRS. Here observables from a dedicated network of GNSS reference stations are processed to compute the atmospheric and other errors within the network. These are then interpolated to generate a complete set of GNSS observations as if a reference station was located at the rover. There are a number of significant benefits to a VRS approach: � Distance to the nearest reference station can be extended well beyond 30 kilometer � Time to fix integer ambiguities is significantly reduced � Overall reliability of fixing integer ambiguities in increased � Cost of doing a survey is reduced by eliminating the need to set up dedicated base stations. � No special processing is required in the RTK engine, as it is the case for a centralized multi-base approach Salient Features of VRS 1 Real-time positional accuracies using a VRS approach are at the cm RMS level anywhere within the network. 69
2 3 4 5 6 New software is now introduced as post-processed version of VRS technology. Software can be optimized for large changes in altitude by the rover, and extended to work with reference stations separated over very large distances. With this approach it is only necessary to be within the network and at least 70 km to the nearest reference station to initially resolve the correct ambiguities. Once resolved, the aircraft can then fly up to 100 km away from the nearest station within the network, while still achieving positioning accuracy at the 10 - 15 cm RMS level. It is possible to achieve better than decimeter RMS accuracies with a sparse network of only 4 reference stations separated by over 100 km, but the results are highly dependent upon the particular data set. A rigorous adjustment of all the reference station antenna positions within the selected network over an 18-24 hour period is available. Table App 8.3: Features of Virtual reference Stations DATA QUALITY CONTROL IN VRS This quality control function ensures that all the reference station data and coordinates are correct and consistent before the rover data is processed. Such a concept is done routinely in land survey as part of best practices, but has been a weak point in the aerial mapping and survey industry. Too often data from a single reference station or a CORS network are used without proper quality control. Quality failures can include incorrect published antenna coordinates, incorrect datum or poor observables, any of which can result in accuracy and reliability failures in the final product. But now this technology enables missions to be flown with bank angles above 20 70
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High Resolution 1:10,000 scale Mapp
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6 7 8 9 5.4 Mapping Requirement for
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TECHNOLOGY FOR 1:10,000 SCALE MAPPI
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10 11 Table 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 9.3
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Appendix No. Heading no. APPENDICES
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XIV APP 13.1 Methodology For Aerial
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APP 19.9 Pure Server - Map Servers
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Figure APP 5.2 Figure APP 5.3 Table
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Figure APP 20.4 Design of GCP Libra
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CWC Central Water Commission LIDRA
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BMTPC Building Materials and Techno
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Formerly known as PUCC, the Digital
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The Toronto Mono Viewer (TMV) is an
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Preamble Map is an attempt to depic
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Survey of India is already in posse
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uildings can be comfortably depicte
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The seismo-tectonics of India is un
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Figure 2. 2: Landslide Hazard Map (
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The combined threat from these majo
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prepared at various accuracies. For
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CHAPTER 3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
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SN PHASE DESCRIPTION 1 PLANNING 2 M
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egional, city, state and national l
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GIS DATABASE FOR DISASTER MANAGEMEN
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quantitative in nature and GIS is u
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4. Source Procurement: passive and
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India meteorological department is
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QUALITY CHECK FOR IMPACT FOR HAZARD
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SUMMRY FOR CYCLONE HAZARD ZONATION
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Mostly the coastal districts of Wes
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1. Aerial mapping at scale 1:2,000
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e. Selection of the predictive rela
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Studies and other information PHASE
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Solution: It is assumed that the at
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For example earthquake 1 gives an i
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CHAPTER 6 METHODOLOGY FOR FLOOD HAZ
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Figure 6.2 : Major rivers in India
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Andhra Pradesh coastal rivers Penne
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Indus river basin Rivers flowing in
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Year 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958
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Figure 6.4 : Year wise total damage
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extent of flooding for an expected
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METHODOLOGY OF FLOOD HAZARD ZONING
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Catchment Area Rainfall measurement
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BASE MAP INFORMATION Land surface r
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and hilly areas, which corresponds
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7. The DEM/DSM/DTM model to be crea
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CHAPTER 7 METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD MA
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should show the locations of previo
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LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MODELING
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MAPPING REQUIREMENT FOR LANDSLIDE H
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was that ground control points (GCP
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The following methodologies may be
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scanners, large format digital line
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Generation 0.5 m 1 m 2.5 m 5m and A
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A brief comparative of the various
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1:10,000 0.25 m 2.5 m 1:16,000 0.25
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Some of the available sensors resol
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Distance between successive ground
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� Ortho-rectified geo-coded produ
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CARTOSAT 1 There is now an increasi
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Standard Products 01 02 03 Radiomet
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performance star sensors, imaging a
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Digital data format- Geo TIFF Preci
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Spectral Range 450-900 nm Swath Wid
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miles) per day of half-meter imager
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CHAPTER 11 REQUIRED ACCURACIES Earl
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changed on UTM). 5. Theme Content C
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cent of the country is covered. The
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accuracies in X, Y and Z director,
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2) 2D feature extraction Extraction
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perceptions, accuracy of Contour ge
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8. AQC system based on NSD / OGC /
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Resampling NN Not Applicable KD16 F
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Product Type � All Geocoded produ
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Full Vectorization Except Contours
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IKONOS HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IM
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� There is a 210 sq. km minimum o
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Optical Data Processing Options Opt
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Core Processor Inertially Aided RTK
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The Task Force constituted Thematic
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APPENDICES App 1
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Zone and district management - Main
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Sensitive zones impact/damage DESIG
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5 Performance resolution obtained.
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Phase I: Development Diagnosis, Str
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Studies and other information Anima
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All tropical cyclones are areas of
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Deep Depression Cyclonic Storm Seve
Page 179 and 180: depression and moves overland in se
Page 181 and 182: the deaths of about 1 million perso
Page 183 and 184: APPENDIX IV METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD
Page 185 and 186: The intra plate earthquakes such as
Page 187 and 188: into Euranasian Plate at a rate of
Page 189 and 190: of the normal perimeter of the body
Page 191 and 192: Infact, magnitude is the measuremen
Page 193 and 194: Degree Force Behavioral effects Str
Page 195 and 196: EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ESTIMATE ISOSIESM
Page 197 and 198: influencing factors are the propert
Page 199 and 200: Mass wasting is a generic term refe
Page 201 and 202: Water Table Potential Failure Plane
Page 203 and 204: C + ( γ -mγw)zcosβ cosβ tanΦ S
Page 205 and 206: τ shear stress σ normal stress μ
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX VI SATELITE IMAGING TECHNI
Page 209 and 210: 2 3 4 5 Laser and radar altimeters
Page 211 and 212: more detail, less coverage. The ski
Page 213 and 214: 2 3 4 Spectral resolution Radiometr
Page 215 and 216: Analysis is the recently developed
Page 217 and 218: 3 4 Variables mapped on uniform spa
Page 219 and 220: Figure App 6.1: Elements of image R
Page 221 and 222: Viewing Direction The first imaging
Page 223 and 224: CCD- configuration Most of the sens
Page 225 and 226: Multi spectral information Sensors
Page 227 and 228: handed system. ITRF is a set of poi
Page 229: way monuments or control points. Th
Page 233 and 234: Research has expanded to include an
Page 235 and 236: DWG, SVC, and ASV. In order to comp
Page 237 and 238: SPOT-4 Franc e 3/24/1998 10 20 120
Page 239 and 240: Hi-res Sterio Imaging China 7/1/200
Page 241 and 242: To The Chief Secretaries of all Sta
Page 243 and 244: (b) Security Clearance for Aerial P
Page 245 and 246: vicinity of Vas/VPs, the requiremen
Page 247 and 248: the flight track flown by the aircr
Page 249 and 250: (c) Unrestricted: All AP/ABRSD&I ot
Page 251 and 252: the three Services Intelligence Age
Page 253 and 254: (v) All transfers of photographs/im
Page 255 and 256: (x) without internet connectivity.
Page 257 and 258: Copy forwarded to:- All Ministries/
Page 259 and 260: (g) Type of Camera/sensor being use
Page 261 and 262: (xii) Travelling allowance/daily al
Page 263 and 264: photography/remote sensing. (ii) No
Page 265 and 266: Land; VGL- Very Good Land; MGL - Mo
Page 267 and 268: GCPS (GPS) Field verification and d
Page 269 and 270: Business Hotel Hostel Guest house C
Page 271 and 272: Religious Antiquities Utility Cente
Page 273 and 274: Other Institutions Welfare/reli ef/
Page 275 and 276: Centre Line of River < 3 m River be
Page 277 and 278: Canal Features Communication Works
Page 279 and 280: Pier Light house Lightship Buoy Tid
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Level Crossing Speed Bump/ Speed Hu
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Air traffic control (ATC) Tower Lan
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Inland Wetlands Water-Logged Marshy
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Power Line infrastructure Pylon Pyl
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Oil Pipe Line Infrastructure Oil St
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Solid waste collection points Compo
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Tahsil/Taluk/Mandal/Pragana Block V
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ecognized internationally or approv
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FIDUCIAL MARKS IN NEGATIVES AND CAL
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o In the upper left-hand corner: Da
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may be cause for rejection. However
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APPENDIX XIV NRSA EMPANELMENT PROCE
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hrs. & 1600 hrs. You may also down
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2.5.1 GPS control points list with
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5 b 5 c 5 d 5 e 5 f 5 g Working in
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11 Other relevant information (plea
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Exterior Orientation (EO) file -( e
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04 Technical employees who are on t
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Scale Contour Interval Any other ma
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APPENDIX XV AERIAL MAPPING- LIST OF
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Optech a privately owned company, O
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Applanix Mobile Mapping and Positio
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Fairchild Imaging develops and manu
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TOPCON From survey to inspection, T
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NOVATEL INC NovAtel Inc. is a leadi
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APPENDIX XVII SATELLITE IMAGERY- LI
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GEOEYE GeoEye, Inc. is a premier pr
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10. Speak Systems Ltd B-49, Ec, Kus
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Export & Rsearch (P) Ltd 46. Lumino
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77. Trimble Navigation India Pvt. L
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and a fast growing set of geoscient
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OTHER GIS TOOLS- UNCLASSIFIED 1. Ch
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3. Informix - Allows spatial queryi
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ERDAS ERDAS IMAGINE Yes No Yes No N
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Suite My World GIS home Trial No Ye
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(COM & Java & .NET) Solaris & AIX &
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PURE SERVER - MAP SERVERS Name Lang
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MIXED Name Language WMS WFS WFS-T W
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PURE WEB CLIENT LIBRARIES Name Lang
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t MOBILE CLIENTS LICENSE & PLATFORM
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gvSIG Mini Yes Yes No Yes No No No
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- Product Size (Worldview) will be
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constantly change in time. It is th
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Continuously Operating Reference St
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geodetic datum. GPS observations ar
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and not in well defined network mod
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3. Block Adjustment As it has been
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Figure App 20.7: Imaging procedure
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• the perspective center of the c
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Figure App 20.9: DTM Modeling Digit
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lessens the effect of topographic r
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An image or photograph with an orth
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Figure App 20.10 a,b : Orthoimagery
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APPENDIX- XXI POSSIBLE PPP MODEL WI
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private players who can generate th
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employees in 1999. The ban on fresh
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(f) envisage that the respective ow
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Core Activities SOI Repetetive Acti
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ights of each zone on the basis of
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11. Remote monitoring and online da
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• Available with a number of opti
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• 2 GPS Receivers, Dual Frequency
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earthquake/disaster areas, landslid
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6) SYSTEM COMPONENTS Airborne Surve
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Parameter Gimbal encoder input, AUX
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• Airborne Survey PCS Firmware Op
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