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Figure App 20.4: Design of GCP Library Phase-I Monument -Data Processing and Adjustment Connection with ITRF As per the IAG recommendations, the datum will be connected with ITRF. India has two IGS stations, one at Bangalore (IISC) and another at Hyderabad (HYDE). In addition to these, the IGS stations available around the Indian subcontinent Beijing (BJFS), Ankara (ANKR), Wuhan (WUHN), Lhasa (LHAS), Poligan/Bishkek (POL2) and Kitab (KIT3) will also be used as fiducial points. The Indian Permanent GPS Stations will be connected with these IGS stations to get the datum in terms of ITRF. First Adjustment The GCP Library Phase-I stations were observed independently and the data had been processed with respect to IGS stations to determine the coordinates in terms of ITRF. These coordinates can be used for general mapping purposes until the datum is realized. The network adjustment has to be carried now. As already mentioned above, the GCP Library Phase-I stations were observed independently 209
and not in well defined network mode. For adjustment, a network was required to be formed. When the Continuously Operating Reference Stations are included in the network, hundreds of baselines are formed by the common observations among CORS and Phase-I GCPs. By carefully selecting few hundred baselines out of these baselines, a network of more than 300 interconnected triangles was formed. The network is in such a way that all the GCPs and most of the Continuously Operating Reference Stations are connected. In the first step, all the baselines are being computed using Bernese GPS Data Processing Software. The second step will be connecting the CORS to the IGS stations. This is necessary to connect the Indian datum with the ITRF as per the IAG recommendations. The CORS network will be adjusted and coordinates will be computed on the epoch 1st January 2007, taking the IGS stations as fiducial stations. This will be done using scientific GPS data processing software Bernese 5.0. The CORS will then be used as known stations and the GCP Phase-I network will be adjusted. The slope distances will be computed using Bernese 5.0 and will be reduced to ellipsoidal arc distances using a computer program. These ellipsoidal arc distances will be taken as observables and the adjustment will be carried out using ADJUST program developed by National Geodetic Survey (NGS), USA and freely available on the internet. This realization will be based on ITRF2005 which has the epoch 1st January 2000. Using the velocity model, the epoch of this realization will be kept 1st January 2007. Phase II, additional 2200 GCPs of First Order Ground Control Points will be established at an average of 30 km spacing all over the country. GPS observations are carried out for 6-8 hours at these stations and the base lines are computed using adjustment software. The station coordinates are adjusted with Zero order control points as per usual survey principle “whole to part” .the expected accuracy of horizontal coordinate is in the order of 0``.002 amounting to 6 cms on ground. The First order control points will be connected by leveling .Work is under progress. It can be completed in 12 months, if top priority is given to this job and some 210
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High Resolution 1:10,000 scale Mapp
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6 7 8 9 5.4 Mapping Requirement for
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TECHNOLOGY FOR 1:10,000 SCALE MAPPI
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10 11 Table 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 9.3
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Appendix No. Heading no. APPENDICES
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XIV APP 13.1 Methodology For Aerial
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APP 19.9 Pure Server - Map Servers
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Figure APP 5.2 Figure APP 5.3 Table
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Figure APP 20.4 Design of GCP Libra
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CWC Central Water Commission LIDRA
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BMTPC Building Materials and Techno
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Formerly known as PUCC, the Digital
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The Toronto Mono Viewer (TMV) is an
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Preamble Map is an attempt to depic
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Survey of India is already in posse
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uildings can be comfortably depicte
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The seismo-tectonics of India is un
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Figure 2. 2: Landslide Hazard Map (
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The combined threat from these majo
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prepared at various accuracies. For
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CHAPTER 3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
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SN PHASE DESCRIPTION 1 PLANNING 2 M
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egional, city, state and national l
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GIS DATABASE FOR DISASTER MANAGEMEN
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quantitative in nature and GIS is u
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4. Source Procurement: passive and
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India meteorological department is
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QUALITY CHECK FOR IMPACT FOR HAZARD
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SUMMRY FOR CYCLONE HAZARD ZONATION
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Mostly the coastal districts of Wes
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1. Aerial mapping at scale 1:2,000
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e. Selection of the predictive rela
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Studies and other information PHASE
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Solution: It is assumed that the at
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For example earthquake 1 gives an i
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CHAPTER 6 METHODOLOGY FOR FLOOD HAZ
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Figure 6.2 : Major rivers in India
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Andhra Pradesh coastal rivers Penne
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Indus river basin Rivers flowing in
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Year 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958
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Figure 6.4 : Year wise total damage
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extent of flooding for an expected
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METHODOLOGY OF FLOOD HAZARD ZONING
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Catchment Area Rainfall measurement
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BASE MAP INFORMATION Land surface r
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and hilly areas, which corresponds
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7. The DEM/DSM/DTM model to be crea
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CHAPTER 7 METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD MA
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should show the locations of previo
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LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MODELING
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MAPPING REQUIREMENT FOR LANDSLIDE H
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was that ground control points (GCP
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The following methodologies may be
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scanners, large format digital line
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Generation 0.5 m 1 m 2.5 m 5m and A
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A brief comparative of the various
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1:10,000 0.25 m 2.5 m 1:16,000 0.25
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Some of the available sensors resol
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Distance between successive ground
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� Ortho-rectified geo-coded produ
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CARTOSAT 1 There is now an increasi
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Standard Products 01 02 03 Radiomet
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performance star sensors, imaging a
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Digital data format- Geo TIFF Preci
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Spectral Range 450-900 nm Swath Wid
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miles) per day of half-meter imager
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CHAPTER 11 REQUIRED ACCURACIES Earl
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changed on UTM). 5. Theme Content C
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cent of the country is covered. The
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accuracies in X, Y and Z director,
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2) 2D feature extraction Extraction
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perceptions, accuracy of Contour ge
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8. AQC system based on NSD / OGC /
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Resampling NN Not Applicable KD16 F
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Product Type � All Geocoded produ
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Full Vectorization Except Contours
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IKONOS HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IM
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� There is a 210 sq. km minimum o
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Optical Data Processing Options Opt
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Core Processor Inertially Aided RTK
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The Task Force constituted Thematic
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APPENDICES App 1
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Zone and district management - Main
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Sensitive zones impact/damage DESIG
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5 Performance resolution obtained.
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Phase I: Development Diagnosis, Str
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Studies and other information Anima
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All tropical cyclones are areas of
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Deep Depression Cyclonic Storm Seve
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depression and moves overland in se
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the deaths of about 1 million perso
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APPENDIX IV METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD
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The intra plate earthquakes such as
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into Euranasian Plate at a rate of
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of the normal perimeter of the body
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Infact, magnitude is the measuremen
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Degree Force Behavioral effects Str
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EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ESTIMATE ISOSIESM
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influencing factors are the propert
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Mass wasting is a generic term refe
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Water Table Potential Failure Plane
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C + ( γ -mγw)zcosβ cosβ tanΦ S
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τ shear stress σ normal stress μ
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APPENDIX VI SATELITE IMAGING TECHNI
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2 3 4 5 Laser and radar altimeters
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more detail, less coverage. The ski
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2 3 4 Spectral resolution Radiometr
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Analysis is the recently developed
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3 4 Variables mapped on uniform spa
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Figure App 6.1: Elements of image R
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Viewing Direction The first imaging
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CCD- configuration Most of the sens
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Multi spectral information Sensors
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handed system. ITRF is a set of poi
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way monuments or control points. Th
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2 3 4 5 6 New software is now intro
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Research has expanded to include an
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DWG, SVC, and ASV. In order to comp
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SPOT-4 Franc e 3/24/1998 10 20 120
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Hi-res Sterio Imaging China 7/1/200
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To The Chief Secretaries of all Sta
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(b) Security Clearance for Aerial P
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vicinity of Vas/VPs, the requiremen
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the flight track flown by the aircr
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(c) Unrestricted: All AP/ABRSD&I ot
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the three Services Intelligence Age
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(v) All transfers of photographs/im
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(x) without internet connectivity.
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Copy forwarded to:- All Ministries/
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(g) Type of Camera/sensor being use
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(xii) Travelling allowance/daily al
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photography/remote sensing. (ii) No
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Land; VGL- Very Good Land; MGL - Mo
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GCPS (GPS) Field verification and d
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Business Hotel Hostel Guest house C
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Religious Antiquities Utility Cente
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Other Institutions Welfare/reli ef/
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Centre Line of River < 3 m River be
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Canal Features Communication Works
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Pier Light house Lightship Buoy Tid
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Level Crossing Speed Bump/ Speed Hu
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Air traffic control (ATC) Tower Lan
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Inland Wetlands Water-Logged Marshy
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Power Line infrastructure Pylon Pyl
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Oil Pipe Line Infrastructure Oil St
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Solid waste collection points Compo
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Tahsil/Taluk/Mandal/Pragana Block V
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ecognized internationally or approv
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FIDUCIAL MARKS IN NEGATIVES AND CAL
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o In the upper left-hand corner: Da
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may be cause for rejection. However
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APPENDIX XIV NRSA EMPANELMENT PROCE
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hrs. & 1600 hrs. You may also down
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2.5.1 GPS control points list with
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5 b 5 c 5 d 5 e 5 f 5 g Working in
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11 Other relevant information (plea
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Exterior Orientation (EO) file -( e
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04 Technical employees who are on t
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Scale Contour Interval Any other ma
Page 319 and 320: APPENDIX XV AERIAL MAPPING- LIST OF
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Page 323 and 324: Applanix Mobile Mapping and Positio
Page 325 and 326: Fairchild Imaging develops and manu
Page 327 and 328: TOPCON From survey to inspection, T
Page 329 and 330: NOVATEL INC NovAtel Inc. is a leadi
Page 331 and 332: APPENDIX XVII SATELLITE IMAGERY- LI
Page 333 and 334: GEOEYE GeoEye, Inc. is a premier pr
Page 335 and 336: 10. Speak Systems Ltd B-49, Ec, Kus
Page 337 and 338: Export & Rsearch (P) Ltd 46. Lumino
Page 339 and 340: 77. Trimble Navigation India Pvt. L
Page 341 and 342: and a fast growing set of geoscient
Page 343 and 344: OTHER GIS TOOLS- UNCLASSIFIED 1. Ch
Page 345 and 346: 3. Informix - Allows spatial queryi
Page 347 and 348: ERDAS ERDAS IMAGINE Yes No Yes No N
Page 349 and 350: Suite My World GIS home Trial No Ye
Page 351 and 352: (COM & Java & .NET) Solaris & AIX &
Page 353 and 354: PURE SERVER - MAP SERVERS Name Lang
Page 355 and 356: MIXED Name Language WMS WFS WFS-T W
Page 357 and 358: PURE WEB CLIENT LIBRARIES Name Lang
Page 359 and 360: t MOBILE CLIENTS LICENSE & PLATFORM
Page 361 and 362: gvSIG Mini Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Page 363 and 364: - Product Size (Worldview) will be
Page 365 and 366: constantly change in time. It is th
Page 367 and 368: Continuously Operating Reference St
Page 369: geodetic datum. GPS observations ar
Page 373 and 374: 3. Block Adjustment As it has been
Page 375 and 376: Figure App 20.7: Imaging procedure
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Page 379 and 380: Figure App 20.9: DTM Modeling Digit
Page 381 and 382: lessens the effect of topographic r
Page 383 and 384: An image or photograph with an orth
Page 385 and 386: Figure App 20.10 a,b : Orthoimagery
Page 387 and 388: APPENDIX- XXI POSSIBLE PPP MODEL WI
Page 389 and 390: private players who can generate th
Page 391 and 392: employees in 1999. The ban on fresh
Page 393 and 394: (f) envisage that the respective ow
Page 395 and 396: Core Activities SOI Repetetive Acti
Page 397 and 398: ights of each zone on the basis of
Page 399 and 400: 11. Remote monitoring and online da
Page 401 and 402: • Available with a number of opti
Page 403 and 404: • 2 GPS Receivers, Dual Frequency
Page 405 and 406: earthquake/disaster areas, landslid
Page 407 and 408: 6) SYSTEM COMPONENTS Airborne Surve
Page 409 and 410: Parameter Gimbal encoder input, AUX
Page 411: • Airborne Survey PCS Firmware Op
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