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High Resolution 1:10,000 scale Mapping Strategy of Multi ... - NDMA

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Degree Force Behavioral effects Structural effects Geologic effects<br />

I Imperceptible Not felt — —<br />

II Very light Felt sporadically — —<br />

III Light Felt only by people at rest — —<br />

IV Moderate Felt indoors, many<br />

awakened<br />

Windows vibrate —<br />

V Fairly strong Widely felt outdoors Interior plaster cracks, hanging objects<br />

swing, tables shift<br />

VI Strong Fright Damage to chimneys and masonry Isolated cracks in s<strong>of</strong>t ground<br />

VII Very strong Many people flee their<br />

dwellings<br />

Serious damage to buildings in poor<br />

condition, chimneys collapse<br />

VIII Damaging General fright Many old houses undergo partial<br />

collapse, breaks in canals<br />

IX Destructive Panic Large breaks in substandard<br />

structures, damage to wellconstructed<br />

houses, underground pipe<br />

breakages<br />

—<br />

Isolated landslides on steep<br />

slopes<br />

Changes in wells, rockfalls onto<br />

roads<br />

Cracks in ground, sand eruptions,<br />

widespread landslides<br />

X Devastating General panic Brick buildings destroyed Rails twisted, landslides on<br />

riverbanks, formation <strong>of</strong> new lakes<br />

XI Catastrophic — Few buildings remain standing, water<br />

thrown from canals<br />

XII Very<br />

catastrophic<br />

— Surface and underground structures<br />

completely destroyed<br />

Widespread ground disturbances,<br />

tsunamis<br />

Upheaval <strong>of</strong> the landscape,<br />

tsunamis<br />

32

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