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110Norms, D.111Norms, point 5. (Reading the prohibition against using forced or compulsory labour together with theCommentary, an obligation to actively prevent forced and compulsory labour emerges). See also Commentary5(a) – 5(c).112Norms, point 6.113Norms, point 7. (TNCs are required to provide a safe and healthy working environment in line with nationaland international obligations). See also Commentary 8(a) – 8 (e). This obligation will not be explored further inthis discussion. The argument could be made that this section, in so far as it protects adult wage-earners safety,and ensures they will be able to continue to support their families, prevents children from being economicallyexploited.114Norms, point 8 (remuneration must ensure an adequate standard of living and account for ‘progressiveimprovement’). This obligation will not be explored further in this discussion. However, the arguments couldbe made that this section is important as it eliminates the need for children to supplement the family wage;furthermore, ‘progressive improvement’ implies the improvement of a child’s quality of life. It is worth slightlyelaborating on the obligation as set out in the Commentary. See Commentary 8(a) – 8(e) (TNCs are requiredto provide workers with the higher of, remuneration agreed upon or fixed by national laws, particularly in leastdeveloped countries. If TNCs use ‘allowance’ as part payment, it must be reasonably valuable and beneficial toworkers and their families).115Norms, point 9 (TNCs are required to ensure freedom of association and collective bargaining.) See alsoCommentary, 9(a) – 9(e). This obligation will not be explored further in this discussion. As with the discussionof collective bargaining in the Global Compact, its exclusion from the discussion does not make it irrelevant..116Norms, point 6.117Commentary, 6(a). (Children employed before completing compulsory schooling or the age of 15; employed ina manner which is harmful to their health or development, prevents them from attending school or performingschool-related activities; or employed inconsistently with international human rights standards, listed in theCommentary, constitutes economic exploitation.)118Commentary, 6(b) – 6(c) (no person under 18 is permitted to undertake hazardous work, work interfering witheducation or work which jeopardizes health, safety and morals. TNCs may, however, employ persons between13 and 15 in light work, if permitted to do so by national law. Light work is defined as work not likely harmfulto health and development, work which will not interfere with schooling, or training programs).119Commentary, 6(d).120Ibid., 6(d).121Norms, E (the contents of this section are not completely unique. For instances, corrupt practices are addressed,in that TNCs are prohibited from giving or receiving a bribe or other advantage to anyone or any entity.Furthermore, this section addresses complicity, without specifically using the term. TNCs must not support,solicit or encourage others in the abuse of human rights, and ensure their goods and services will not be used byothers to abuse human rights).122Norms, point 10 (TNCs must respect applicable international law, national laws and regulations, administrativepractices, the rule of law, the public interest, development objectives, social, economic and cultural policies).123Commentary, 10(a) – 10(d) (TNCs are obligated to respect the right to development and the right to enjoyeconomic, social, cultural and political development. Furthermore, TNCs are required, so far as they are able,to encourage social progress and development by ‘expanding economic opportunities.’ TNCs have specialobligations regarding indigenous peoples relating to: indigenous lands, subsistence, health and culture. Finally,TNCs have obligations regarding the use intellectual property rights as they relate to social and economicwelfare).124Norms, point 12 (TNCs are obligated to respect, contribute to and refrain from obstructing the realization of:the right to development, adequate food and drinking water, the highest attainable standard of physical andmental health, adequate housing, privacy, education, freedom of thought, conscience, and religion and freedomof opinion and expression).125Commentary, 12(a) – 12(e).126Norms, H. See also Commentary 15(a) – 15(f ), 16(a) – 16(i), 17(a).127Norms, point 15.114|Private Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children