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to “applicable” law and regulations, [acknowledging] the fact that [MNEs], […], may be subject to national,sub-national, as well as supra-national levels of regulation […]. The terms “prevailing labour relations” and“employment practices” are sufficiently broad to permit a variety of interpretations in light of different nationalcircumstances […]”).203OECD. “Guidelines.” Part IV, para. 1 (a-d)).204OECD. “Commentary.” Revision 2000. Para. 20 (the human rights provisions echo rights found in the ILOsFundamental Principles and that the ILOs Tripartite Declaration can assist in understanding the Guidelines).205See also ibid. Para. 20-22 (The four human rights principles echo the rights in ILO. Declaration on FundamentalPrinciples and Rights at Work. Geneva: ILO, 1977. Specifically, the ‘effective abolition of child labour’refers to ILO Convention 182 concerning the worst forms of child labour and ILO Convention 138 andRecommendation 146, regarding the minimum age of employment (ILO Convention 182: Worst Forms of ChildLabour Convention, 1999; ILO Convention 138: Minimum Age Convention, 1973; and ILO Recommendation146: Minimum Age Recommendation, 1973. Accessed on 14 Oct. 2008 from: www.ilo.org). Furthermore, MNEsmay contribute to the effective abolition of child labour through labour management practices, creation of highquality and well paid jobs and contributing to economic growth, which all address ‘the root causes of povertyin general and of child labour in practice.’ MNEs may also contribute to a ‘lasting solution’ by, for example,raising the standards of education in host countries). Para. 23 (regarding compulsory labour, MNEs are directedto Conventions 29 and 105 (ILO Convention 29: Forced Labour Convention, 1930 and ILO Convention 105:Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957. Accessed on 14 Oct. 2008 from: www.ilo.org). Para. 24 (regardingnon-discrimination, MNEs are directed to ILO Convention 111 which enumerates an unexhausted list ofimpermissible grounds for discrimination in hiring, discharge, pay, promotion, training and retirement (ILOConvention 111: Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958. Accessed on 14 Oct. 2008from: www.ilo.org).206See OECD “Commentary.” Revision 2000. Para. 53 (“[MNEs] are the main conduit of technology transferacross borders. They contribute to the national innovative capacity of their host countries by generating, diffusing,and even enabling the use of new technologies by domestic enterprises and institutions. The [research anddevelopment] activities of MNEs, when well connected to the national innovation system, can help enhancethe economic and social progress in their host countries”).207See OECD “Guidelines.” Part VIII, paras. 1-5 (MNEs are asked, where applicable, relevant or practical,to contribute to the development of innovative capacity; adopt policies allowing for the ‘rapid diffusion oftechnology and know-how’; develop science and technology to address the needs of local markets; employlocals in science and technology and encourage their training; grant Intellectual Property licenses or technologytransfer, so as to contribute to long-term development prospects of host countries; and participate in researchprojects with local universities, public research institutions and local individuals).208Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Declaration and Decisions on InternationalInvestment and Multinational Enterprises (DAFFE/IME (2000)20). 8 Nov. 2000. Part II: 1. Para 1.209Ibid., Part II: 1. Decision of the Council: 1. Para. 1. NCPs. See also Part II: 1. Decision of the Council:Procedural Guidance: I. NCPs, B. Information and Promotion (outlines means by which NCPs will accomplishGuideline promotion).210Ibid., Part II: 1. Decision of the Council: Procedural Guidance: I. NCPs, C. Implementation in SpecificInstances (NCPs will “[m]ake an initial assessment of whether the issues raised merit further examination andrespond to the party or parties raising them”). See also Part II: 1. Decision of the Council: Commentary on theImplementation Procedures: I. Procedural Guidance for NCPs, Implementation in Specific Instances, Para. 14(in making their initial assessment, NCPs will “… determine whether the issue is bona fide and relevant […].”In making this decision, NCPs will take several factors into account, including: a party’s interest in the matter;whether the issue is material and substantiated; the relevance of applicable law and procedures; how similarissues have been treated; and whether consideration of the specific issue would contribute to the purposes andeffectiveness of the guidelines).211Ibid., Part II: 1. Decision of the Council: Procedural Guidance: I. NCPs, C. Implementation in SpecificInstances (NCPs will consult parties involved and, ‘where relevant,’ seek advice from relevant authorities andparties, consult foreign NCPs, seek guidance from CIIME, and offer or facilitate non-adversarial means ofresolution. If parties do not come to a resolution, NCPs may make “recommendations” on the implementationPrivate Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children|119