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In the Norms, three sections give meaning to the substantive sections: definitions; thepreamble; and general obligations. Although articulated last, the definitions sectionis important when defining the scope of four terms: transnational corporation, 97 otherbusiness enterprise, 98 stakeholder, 99 human rights and international human rights. 100 Thescope of entities bound by the Norms is considerable: large, transnational or multinationalcorporations, their supply chains and other associated businesses are bound to respecthuman rights in both their home and host countries. It seems, however, that the Norms donot bind purely local business enterprises. Similarly, ‘stakeholders’ are also large in scope,including those affected both directly and indirectly by an entity’s activities. Finally, thescope of ‘human rights’ is broad. The Norms articulate specific rights and instruments, butinclude the ‘catch-all’ rights: “other human rights treaties” and “other relevant instrumentsadopted within the UN system.”As with the definitions section, the preamble gives meaning to the Norms. The preambleprimarily does two things. First, as stated above, it recognises that while states are primarilyresponsible for human rights, TNCs are not absolved of responsibility. TNCs must ‘promoteand secure’ rights in the UDHR and ‘respect’ norms contained in UN treaties 101 andinternational instruments. 102 Second, the preamble clarifies the status of the Commentary,calling it “… a useful interpretation and elaboration of the standards contained in theNorms[.]” 103The “general obligations” section provides further meaning, by articulating a frameworkthrough which to interpret the Norms and outlining basic obligations. The roles ofTNCs and states are re-stated and the concept of ‘sphere of influence’ is introduced.The Commentary makes clear that “… the remainder of the Norms shall be read in thelight of this paragraph” and that the Norms apply in both home and host countries. 104Furthermore, the meaning of ‘promote, secure fulfilment of, respect, ensure respect of andprotect human rights’ is elaborated; and includes an obligation to self-inform about theimpact of corporate activity on human rights so as to avoid complicity. 105The substantive provisions touch on many aspects of human rights. The first relevantprovision falls under the heading “right to security of persons”, whereby TNCs areprohibited from engaging in or benefiting from specific human rights abuses. 106 Underthis provision, the commentary refers only to the production and trade of weapons, andother enforcement products or services. 107 Also under this heading, TNCs that make use ofsecurity provision must do so in observance of international human rights norms, nationallaws and professional standards of their host country. 108 Under the Commentary, securityarrangements are only to be used for “… preventative or defensive services […]” and TNCsare obligated to use ‘due diligence’ and ensure they employ only adequately trained guardsPrivate Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children|33