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128Commentary, 15(a) – 15(f ) (TNCs must make internal rules and implementation procedures available tostakeholders, provide training to managers and workers, ensure business partners follow the Norms or similarnorms, disclose information regarding activities, structure, finances and performance, inform stakeholderswhen their health, safety or the environment may be endangered by their activities and continually improveimplementation).129Norms, point 16 (requires monitoring be transparent, independent and take account of input from stakeholders).TNCs themselves also have obligations regarding monitoring. See Commentary 16(d) (for instance, makingreports on workplaces observed and remediation efforts undertaken as a result of monitoring to relevantstakeholders). See also Commentary 16(g) (TNCs are obligated to conduct periodic assessment of compliancewhich takes account of stakeholders input).130Commentary, 16(a) – 16(c) (it is suggested monitoring be undertaken by UN human rights treaty bodies orthe Commission on Human Rights by creating reporting requirements and mechanisms. Furthermore, it issuggested that the Sub-Commission and working group monitor compliance and develop best practices byreceiving information from stakeholders. Finally, stakeholders are encouraged to use the Norms: trade unions asa basis of negotiating agreements; NGOs as a basis for expectations of conduct and industry groups to monitorcompliance).131Commentary, 16(e), 16(f ).132Ibid., 16(i) (TNCs are obligated to study human rights impacts of potential initiatives or projects).133Ibid., 16(h) (TNCs are obligated to include action plans or methods of reparation and redress if assessmentsreveal inadequate compliance).134Norms, point 17.135Ibid (specifically reparations, restitution, compensation and rehabilitation).136Three possible readings have been noted in the literature: Strong, which suggests a duty to translate the Normsinto national legislation; weak, which suggests an obligation to develop ‘operative human rights culture’ forTNCs; eclectic, which suggests progressive implementation.137ILO. Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy. Geneva:International Labour Office, 1977; Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Geneva: ILO,1977. In 1972, a tripartite meeting was established to explore the relationship between MNEs and Social Policy.Later, a tripartite group was established to prepare a Draft Declaration, which was adopted by the GoverningBody of the ILO in 1977. Since then, the Declaration has undergone some changes: the text has been revised(in 2000 (ILO. Tripartite Declaration (3rd ed). Geneva: ILO, 2000) and 2006 (ILO. Tripartite Declaration (4thed). Geneva: ILO, 2006), relevant Recommendations and Conventions, and those referred to in the TripartiteDeclaration, have been updated (in 1987, 1995, 2000 and 2006), a follow-up procedure has been added (in 1980and updated in 1987) and the Declaration has incorporated the Fundamental Principles and its follow-upprocedure (in 2000). At its 295th session in March of 2006, the Governing Body adopted an updated version ofthe Declaration (ILO. Tripartite Declaration (4th ed.). Geneva: ILO, 2006).138ILO. Tripartite Declaration (4th ed). Geneva: ILO, 2006. Para. 1.139Ibid., para. 6 (for instance, MNEs may be of public, mixed or private ownership operating outside of their homecountry and generally include parent companies and local entities).140Ibid., para. 7 (importantly, the voluntary observance of the Tripartite Declaration does not “… limit or affectobligations arising out of the ratification of any ILO Convention”).141Ibid., para. 5. See also para. 3 (Governments are to further this aim by adopting “… appropriate laws and policies,measures and actions…” while labour organisations are to cooperate amongst themselves and governments of‘all countries’). See also para. 4, Belgian Case no. 1 (“… no one party can be regarded as a main beneficiary of theDeclaration; each, within its sphere of action, is both a beneficiary of and a contributor to the co-operative andmutually dependent effort of all to further social progress, in line with national policy objectives”).142Ibid., “General Policies.” Para. 8 (regarding international standards, the UDHR, ICCPR, ICESCR and theConstitution of the ILO are referenced. Parties are also referred to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principlesand Rights at Work, other commitments entered into and accepted international obligations). See Belgian Caseno. 2(a) (para. 21) (the Tripartite Declaration cannot be interpreted to exempt any party from complying witheither domestic laws or international standards; furthermore principles are addressed to and should be fullyrespected and implemented by all parties).Private Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children|115