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Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsviExecutive Summary 11. An Introduction to the Private Sector, CommercialSexual Exploitation of Children and the PrimaryMechanisms involved in Isolating the Two 41.1 Defining Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) 51.2 Defining the Private Sector 81.2.1 Transnational and multinational corporations (MNC) 91.2.2 Organised crime syndicates 101.2.3 Businesses not directly involved in CSEC 111.3 Defining Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 131.3.1 CSR “tools” 141.3.2 Historic human rights approaches to CSR 152. International Standards and the Private Sector 172.1 The Sources of International Law 172.2 International Law in the Domestic Context 192.3 International Laws against CSEC 202.4 Existing Legal Mechanisms to Ensure MNC Accountability forInternational Human Rights Violations 252.4.1 The emergence of human rights obligations of MNCs 252.4.2 Existing mechanisms for regulating MNC behaviours 272.5 Transitions in the Accountability of Human Rights Norms:The shift from state responsibility to MNC obligation 492.5.1 Theoretical origins of human rights 492.5.2 Protection from state abuses 502.5.3 Abuses by individuals of the state – Post World War II 512.5.4 Abuses by “citizens” 522.5.5 Abuses by MNCs 542.6 Future Claims 562.6.1 MNC violations in concert with the state 562.6.2 Laws of Nations 572.6.3 Forum Non-Conveniens 572.6.4 Jurisdiction beyond the United States 592.7 Conclusion 616|Private Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children