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Often the travel and tourism industries take advantage of an uneducated work force bypaying low wages, giving them unfavourable hours and offering no benefits. Further, theseasonal aspect of tourism and political unrest often results in lay-offs for many employeesin a cyclical manner, resulting in a high rate of turnovers. The problem is compounded bythe fact that there is a labour surplus for low-skilled jobs and a shortage of personnel formid- to high-skilled jobs, which explains why management jobs are reserved for outsiders.These factors, along with a lack of education and training, result in low job satisfaction byemployees and frustration with “management”. As well, employees will not have a genuineinterest in their jobs and will not take initiatives to learn about the field they are working inbecause their job is unstable and the probability of upgrading their position is low.In order to improve this trend in the travel and tourism industry one obvious solution isfor employees to be better trained. There is a lack of educational initiatives however, due tovarious factors, such as inadequate language proficiency. Another challenge with trainingis that there are no standards or enforcement provisions.The rights of employment within the tourism industry were recognised in a tripartiteregional meeting held by ILO on Employment in the Tourism Industry for Asia and thePacific in 2003. Government delegates, employers and workers exchanged opinions onsocial and employment trends within the industry. The meeting not only reviewed workingconditions, human resource development and employment creation, but it also touchedupon sexual exploitation of young persons in the context of tourism and standard trainingand qualifications. One conclusion from the meeting was that supporting the rights of thetravel and tourism work force may actually contribute to the protection of the rights ofchildren with whom their employees may come into contact.3.2 Cross-Border InitiativesThe World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the only intergovernmental organizationthat serves as a global forum for tourism policy and issues. Its members include 154countries, seven territories, as well as more than 300 affiliate members from the publicand private sectors. Established in 1947, UNWTO’s predecessor was the InternationalUnion of Official Travel Organizations (IUOTO), which was based in Geneva. IUOTOwas transformed in 1975 in an intergovernmental organization, which took the nameof World Tourism Organization (WTO). In 2003, the WTO became UNWTO, aspecialized agency of the UN. The structure of the UNWTO contains a General Assembly,an Executive Council, six Regional Commissions, numerous technical Committees anda Secretariat. The UNWTO’s mission is to promote and develop tourism as a significantPrivate Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children|65