Simple Nature - Light and Matter

.0.10 Metric prefixesM- mega- 10 6k- kilo- 10 3m- milli- 10 −3µ- (Greek mu) micro- 10 −6n- nano- 10 −9p- pico- 10 −12f- femto- 10 −15Note that the exponents go in steps of three. The exception is centi-, 10 −2 , which is used onlyin the centimeter, and this doesn’t require memorization, because a cent is 10 −2 dollars..0.11 Nonmetric unitsNonmetric units in terms of metric ones:1 inch = 25.4 mm (by definition)1 pound (lb) = 4.5 newtons of force1 scientific calorie = 4.18 J1 nutritional calorie = 4.18 × 10 3 J1 gallon = 3.78 × 10 3 cm 31 horsepower = 746 WThe pound is a unit of force, so it converts to newtons, not kilograms. A one-kilogram mass atthe earth’s surface experiences a gravitational force of (1 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) = 9.8 N = 2.2 lb. Thenutritional information on food packaging typically gives energies in units of calories, but thoseso-called calories are really kilocalories.Relationships among U.S. units:1 foot (ft) = 12 inches1 yard (yd) = 3 feet1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet1 ounce (oz) = 1/16 pound.0.12 The Greek alphabetα A alpha ι I iota ρ P rhoβ B beta κ K kappa σ Σ sigmaγ Γ gamma λ Λ lambda τ T tauδ ∆ delta µ M mu υ Y upsilonɛ E epsilon ν N nu φ Φ phiζ Z zeta ξ Ξ xi χ X chiη H eta o O omicron ψ Ψ psiθ Θ theta π Π pi ω Ω omega.0.13 Subatomic particlesparticle mass (kg) charge radius (fm)electron 9.109 × 10 −31 −e 0.01proton 1.673 × 10 −27 +e ∼ 1.1neutron 1.675 × 10 −27 0 ∼ 1.1neutrino ∼ 10 −39 kg ? 0 ?The radii of protons and neutrons can only be given approximately, since they have fuzzy943