e-learning readiness - Asia Pacific Region - Open University Malaysia

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1INTRODUCTION1.1 The StudyThis report presents the findings of a nation-wide study on E-learningreadiness (ELR) among Malaysians. There were four target groups ofrespondents: policy-makers, providers, enablers and receivers (seeSection 1.4.1). The primary aim of the investigation was to assess thecurrent state of E-learning readiness in the country. The respondents ofthe study were policy-makers, enablers and receivers in higher education,participants of in-service training in government agencies as well asamong E-learning providers in the education as well as corporate sector.It is expected that the study will help address issues pertaining to thedigital divide and facilitate the implementation of programmes based onnational goals. The study also provides the government, through theNational Consultative Committee on E-Learning (Appendix A), a baselineset of recommendations aimed at elevating the current level of ELR inMalaysia. Four instruments were developed for the study and these wereadministered online via the Internet as well as face-to-face using printedcopies.As nations place greater emphasis on the global impact of e-education,most countries focus on cost effective solutions that may be implementedquickly. Needless to say, such programmes are facilitated by theavailability of and access to ICT applications. It is therefore important tocalibrate the ELR level of Malaysian ICT users so that, where the need be,human capacity development programmes may be implemented. In timeto come, ICT education, knowledge and application will be moremeaningful to Malaysians, and there will be a greater chance of producingquality local content.The impact of E-learning has been felt in both education and industry,particularly in more developed countries. In recent years, ICTdevelopment has spurred the growth of the Internet and networkedtechnologies, influencing lifestyles, businesses, training and workprocesses. In Malaysia, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on theJoint Study by MEWC and OUM 1
application of ICT to pave the way for the country to move into the digitalage. The MSC (Multimedia Super Corridor) launched in 1996 is testimonyto the government’s national ICT agenda. Thus, this study on ELR isimportant as it will help formulate new policies or develop initiatives toelevate the nation’s readiness for E-learning.The integration of ICT in educational institutions has also encouraged theuse of ICT to respond to individuals’ learning and training needs. In thecase of distance education or open and distance learning institutions, ICThas been used to deliver either parts of the curriculum or the totalcurriculum. In addition, ICT plays an important role in informal learningand provides a channel for harnessing the usefulness of informal contentknowledge. The use of ICT in this manner has generally been referred toas e-Learning.E-learning has been defined in many ways, but it generally refers tolearning that depends on or is enhanced by electronic or onlinecommunication using the latest information and communicationtechnologies (Nagy, 2004). As defined by the Development Gateway, E-learning is “the application of information and communicationtechnologies (ICT) in support of distance learning, self-guided learning,and the traditional classroom” (Development Gateway, 2003).For this study, the proposed working definition for E-learning by the E-learning Readiness Working Group is the use of network and multimediatechnologies to improve the quality of learning by enabling access toknowledge and remote resources for the development of a K-society.Across the globe, E-learning is growing at a phenomenal rate. It has had atremendous impact on education at all levels of society and is a significantfeature in knowledge-based economies. The use of ICT is increasinglybeing recognized as a building block of development in the knowledgeeconomy. In many ways, expansion in E-learning is precipitated bysound ICT policy and programming. In the Malaysian scenario, E-learning is not only a growing industry but is, potentially, an importantvehicle for the provision of education, knowledge and information to thepublic. Further, E-learning has been used to support formal learning,non-formal learning and informal learning. It has been noted that E-learning has succeeded when it is well-planned and implemented.Two of the country’s universities, Unitar (http://www.unitar.edu.my/)and Open University Malaysia (OUM) (http://www.oum.edu.my/) arecurrently offering their academic programmes via the hybrid and blendedlearning modes, respectively. Each incorporates the use of E-learning forteaching and learning. Combined, these two universities currently servealmost 33,000 students, 75 percent of whom are registered at OUM. Inaddition, a growing number of public and private universities throughoutthe nation are employing E-learning methodologies either to offeracademic programmes via distance learning, or to support their full-timeon-campus learners.Joint Study by MEWC and OUM 2
Page 1 and 2: e-learning readinesse-learningMalay
Page 3 and 4: E-LEARNING READINESSIN MALAYSIA 200
Page 5 and 6: E-learning Readiness in Malaysia 20
Page 11: E-learning Readiness in Malaysia 20
Page 15 and 16: University College, lecturers are e
Page 17 and 18: 1. The promotion of information flu
Page 19 and 20: 1.4.1 The ELR InstrumentFour instru
Page 21 and 22: 1.4.3 The RespondentsThe respondent
Page 23 and 24: (b) Area of Readiness:Content Readi
Page 25 and 26: 2POLICY MAKERS ANDORGANISATIONSThis
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2. Demographic Profile of Pol
Page 29 and 30: surveyed (including one policy make
Page 31 and 32: According to the data in Table 8 wh
Page 33 and 34: difference, however, can be observe
Page 35 and 36: Level of Overall Readiness among Po
Page 37 and 38: 2019.616.7Percent1512.813.7106.95.9
Page 39 and 40: 3PROVIDERSThis chapter presents the
Page 41 and 42: adequate for achieving the ideal ba
Page 43 and 44: TABLE 17. Provision of Applications
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 20. Preference for Single poi
Page 47 and 48: expertise to develop content for E-
Page 49 and 50: Finally, it was suggested that step
Page 51 and 52: According to a respondent, one of t
Page 53 and 54: In terms of financial readiness, th
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 28. Level of Overall Readines
Page 57 and 58: 2524.02017.315Percent1012.013.310.7
Page 59 and 60: 201516.4415.0716.4415.07Percent1010
Page 61 and 62: 4ENABLERSThis section presents find
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month. This shows that, in general,
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As shown in Table 33, the top three
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learner-centred and therefore learn
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addressed. Further, enablers felt t
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Although most enablers acknowledge
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greater usage for E-learning. In ad
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Level of Overall Readiness among En
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2017.518.51514.913.8FIGURE 17. Over
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252020.017.6 17.0Percent1512.612.61
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5RECEIVERSThis section reports the
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Refer to Table 48 for data on the t
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percent). Other uses of the compute
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used it for emailing. The use of th
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order to be a successful e-learner,
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The open-ended responses yielded a
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to the Internet as well as, bandwid
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TABLE 66. Receivers’ Perceptions
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E-learning Readiness in Malaysia 20
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2524.620Percent1514.515.5 15.9108.5
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2523.72017.7 17.2Percent1513.7108.8
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6SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis ch
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TABLE 71. Areas of Readiness among
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financial readiness. This may refle
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TABLE 72. Summary of Findings (cont
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(c) Employ a core team of personnel
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(f) Give incentives to companies th
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h) Recognise qualifications acquire
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AppendixesJoint Study by MEWC and O
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ChairpersonChief Secretary, Ministr
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OUM Committee on E-learning Readine
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Phase I (January - April 2004)Head,
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Rohani IsmailManagerTechnology Assi
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Phase III (August - October 2004)He
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Appendix EList of Major Respondents
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33. Universiti Sains Malaysia34. Un
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A Study on E-learning Readiness in
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D. Environmental Readiness Yes No1.
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A Study on E-learning Readiness in
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Instruction: Please respond to the
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Appendix HSurvey Instrument for Ena
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8. Do you use a computer?ٱNever ٱ
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15. My organisation/institution pro
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Appendix ISurvey Instrument for Rec
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4. I am enrolled/attending an in-se
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13. Do you have Internet connection
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15. Content for E-learning is appro
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Appendix JBiodata of the Working Gr
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Currently Fitri is on study leave a
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project. Currently, her focus is to
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Rohani IsmailRohani Ismail has grad
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Prior to that, she was a Curriculum
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