Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The participation and consultation principle was included in the design ofLARC which required every affected person to be called for a LARC sitting,set out the representation of committee members, and situated it within thedivisional secretariats.The RIP sets out the composition of LARC to enable representation ofspecialised technical knowledge (officials representing the Chief Valuer andSurvey General), project knowledge (the Project Resettlement Officer),knowledge about the affected people and their interests (Grama Niladhari andthe AP representative) as well as state administration under the leadership ofthe Divisional Secretary. However, the composition was changed in theCabinet Memorandum establishing LARC and the Grama Niladhari andrepresentatives of affected persons were not included in the final composition.The affected persons (APs) and an accompanying relative/friend wereexpected to negotiate on their behalf.3 Participatory and Consultation Elements of LARCThe RIP required all affected persons to be called for a meeting with LARC.These mandatory meetings were held for all acquired lots eligible forcompensation. The fact that meetings were held with everyone, not onlythose who requested it or were dissatisfied with their compensationdetermination, is one of the strengths of LARC, which has helped to providea more equitable outcome in STDP compensation. In addition, the AP couldrequest for additional LARC meetings should there be any outstandingissues. In the case of a deadlock in negotiations, the case moved to a higherlevel committee headed by the Secretary to the Ministry of Highways,termed ‘Super LARC’, or in more extreme cases, to the court of law.As shown through surveys, the usage and awareness of LARC amongaffected households is very high, and even households that did not know theinstitution by name had, in fact, attended the meeting at which their LARCentitlements had been decided and paid. Substantial effort was made topublicise the availability of LARC. In addition to individual notifications ofLARC meetings issued by the STDP, LARC dates were displayed on the noticeboards of the divisional secretariats and the STDP Regional Office. There wasalmost 100% attendance by affected persons in the LARC process with onlya few exceptions, such as where the acquired lot size (and thereforeexpected compensation) was very small.168
The location of the LARC meeting at the divisional secretariats facilitatedpublic access, as this is the most localised level of public administrationaccepted as a place of state authority, while being a non-threateningenvironment which is open to and frequented by the public.While LARC was set up primarily to consider (monetary) compensationrelated to loss of assets, in reality it was a forum to present any type ofgrievance related to resettlement and replacement. These meetingsprovided the affected households with the space to present issues not justrelating to their physical assets but also regarding their family situation,particular hardships or issues such as disability or poverty or other losseswhich are difficult to capture in an asset valuation. In extreme cases it alsoenabled vulnerable members of the household to make a case to protectthemselves from not being able to access the benefits of compensation.It was a divided land (bedunu idamak). And there were conflicts amongthe owners. Even for little things like a jackfruit tree there were quarrels. Atleast [the project] gave me a land to live. Now we have land of our own.There are no demarcation problems. (dan hawl prashna nehe)…- Householder, female, age 52There is no substantive evidence to suggest that gender, age or incomelevels were excessively constraining factors in accessing LARC or negotiating.Negotiations have, in general, favoured two contrasting groups. One washouseholds that were seen by the Committee to be particularly vulnerableand ‘asarana’ 7 , i.e. in difficult circumstances. Examination of LARC meetingrecords shows that there are cases where the committee has providedmaximum support within the entitlement framework to such households.The other was households with good information and strong personalitieswho succeeded in negotiating in their favour.I searched for information and got to know that others have been paid well.Then I asked them why I have been paid less. The first estimate was onlyRs.1,300 per perch. I continuously wrote to all those officers andauthorities related to STDP. Then they estimated Rs. 2,000 per perch. Ididn’t give up the attempt and continued to appeal to all possibleauthorities. Finally they agreed to pay Rs.7, 000 per perch. I only acceptedit when they sent me a letter informing that my compensation was going tobe cancelled.- Householder, female, age 557‘Asarana’ carries an extended meaning of being helpless/vulnerable and innocent.169
Page 6:
AcknowledgementsOn behalf of the Ce
Page 9 and 10:
ContentsAcknowledgements...........
Page 12 and 13:
Common Threads in Resettlement Poli
Page 14 and 15:
institutions, such as the World Ban
Page 16 and 17:
high demand in the new, host locati
Page 18 and 19:
The focus on vulnerability also hig
Page 20 and 21:
Development projects often create g
Page 22:
6 ConclusionsThe papers in this vol
Page 25 and 26:
fõosldjka ;=,oS isÿfõ' CEPA wdh;
Page 27 and 28:
wj;ekaùfï fya;=j l=ula jqj;a" mqo
Page 29 and 30:
ixj¾Okh fya;=fjka wj;ekaùfïoS jk
Page 31 and 32:
n%kaf.a ksÍCIKhg wkqj" ieu wdldrhl
Page 33 and 34:
5 idOdrK yd iyNd.S;aj l%shdj,Skaby;
Page 35 and 36:
idOdrK iy iyNd.S;aj hk ,CIK j,ska h
Page 37 and 38:
tWik Muha;r;rp epiyak; mgptpUj;jpah
Page 39 and 40:
jk;ik epWtpf; nfhs;Sk; fl;lj;jpw;F
Page 41 and 42:
,t;tpj;jpahrj;jpy; ,k;%d;W ciufisAk
Page 43 and 44:
kw;nwhd;W Nkhjypd; gpd;du; nrhe;j ,
Page 47 and 48:
xt;nthU gpuptpduplKk; jdpj;jdpahf n
Page 50 and 51:
,lk;ngau;e;j r%ff; FOf;fspw;fpilapy
Page 53:
Chapter 1:Restoring Livelihoods
Page 56 and 57:
1 IntroductionThe Southern Transpor
Page 58 and 59:
livelihoods of the affected people
Page 60 and 61:
The RIP also sets out allowances fo
Page 62 and 63:
The replacement of agriculture land
Page 64 and 65:
like tea, rubber and cinnamon have
Page 66 and 67:
Retention of market networks is als
Page 68 and 69:
ReferencesAsian Development Bank. I
Page 70 and 71:
1 IntroductionCivil conflicts and d
Page 72 and 73:
By overcoming the data collection c
Page 74 and 75:
The above resettler’s income curv
Page 76 and 77:
these IDPs. We do not see the need
Page 78 and 79:
The next category is the Government
Page 80 and 81:
Table 1: Detailed description of an
Page 82 and 83:
of the household did find paid work
Page 84 and 85:
this village suffered a more advers
Page 86 and 87:
Frequency distributions of pre and
Page 88 and 89:
Government Servants who engage in o
Page 90 and 91:
displacement and arriving in Battic
Page 92 and 93:
evidence that Asset Holders suffere
Page 94 and 95:
Chambers, R., and Conway, G.R., 199
Page 96 and 97:
qualitative data collected from foc
Page 98 and 99:
3.2.1 Sampling plan for the follow-
Page 100 and 101:
The government had to identify land
Page 102 and 103:
Table 5.2: Housing situation of hou
Page 104 and 105:
5.1.2.1 Quality and durability of t
Page 106 and 107:
Table 5.8: Number of rooms per hous
Page 108 and 109:
electricity has significantly incre
Page 110 and 111:
Although the total fishing fleet ha
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 6.1: Cumulative percentages
Page 114 and 115:
7 Access to InfrastructureDamage to
Page 116 and 117:
Lack of, or difficult, access to in
Page 118 and 119:
Annex 1: Tsunami affected household
Page 120 and 121:
Ampara 2 Kalmunai Kalmunaikudi 2 6P
Page 123 and 124:
Conflict, Vulnerability and Long-te
Page 125 and 126:
hetoric of displacement and maintai
Page 127 and 128:
The educational performance of IDP
Page 129 and 130: Most locals did not expect the IDPs
Page 131 and 132: selected because they represent the
Page 133 and 134: controversial. People with a certai
Page 135 and 136: 4 Re-examining VulnerabilityThe stu
Page 137 and 138: IDPs and Hosts as Constitutive Cate
Page 139 and 140: local integration processes and the
Page 141 and 142: 3 From Policy Categories to Labelli
Page 143 and 144: The homogenising effect of the labe
Page 145 and 146: assist the displaced eased the phas
Page 147 and 148: In the case of the northern Muslims
Page 149 and 150: people becoming forced migrants; lo
Page 151 and 152: A key example is how a joint intere
Page 153 and 154: labelled ‘IDPs’ or ‘hosts’.
Page 155 and 156: COHEN, R., 2007. Response to Hathaw
Page 157: Chapter 3:Ensuring Equitable andPar
Page 160 and 161: 1 IntroductionWorldwide experience
Page 162 and 163: component (HS&CD) of the project, b
Page 164 and 165: The LEI&CDP Resettlement Policy Fra
Page 166 and 167: (a)(b)(c)those who have formal lega
Page 168 and 169: Phase IV - Consolidation, Community
Page 170 and 171: Table 1: Resettlement Programme Tar
Page 172 and 173: Table 4: Providing infrastructure s
Page 174 and 175: 8 Issues and conclusionsIssuesAbout
Page 176 and 177: ReferencesADB (1995): Involuntary R
Page 178 and 179: 31 IntroductionThe Southern Transpo
Page 182 and 183: In a majority of cases APs have bee
Page 184 and 185: During the implementation of LARC,
Page 186 and 187: decision making process has increas
Page 189 and 190: Left Behind: Post-tsunami Resettlem
Page 191 and 192: To complicate their lives even more
Page 193 and 194: visited camps once every eight or n
Page 195 and 196: (from 206 to 50 sites) and the shel
Page 197 and 198: In October and November 2007, the s
Page 199 and 200: nuclear family established through
Page 201 and 202: struggle. The joint family, which i
Page 203 and 204: camps, although having received com
Page 205 and 206: Even though these families were liv
Page 207 and 208: Sunil earns a living collecting and
Page 209 and 210: Property negotiations are tedious a
Page 211 and 212: still remained in transitional shel
Page 213 and 214: for government and NGOs alike to be
Page 215 and 216: With respect to the transparency of
Page 217 and 218: ReferencesABRAMS, P., 1988. Notes o
Page 219 and 220: ANNEX9th Annual Symposium on Povert
Page 221: EVICTEDThis 25-minute documentary p
show all

Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?

Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA