Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

In thinking about processes of social exclusion, I consider the concept ofvulnerability. Many of the Colombo families who still remained behind intransitional shelter in 2007 either had been excluded from the government’scompensation programme for reasons they did not understand or found theprocess impossible to complete on their own. These families were primarilyfemale heads, poor members of the fishing community and daily wagelabourers in the informal sector, people who were squatting in public spacesat the time of the tsunami, the disabled, elderly or any combination of theabove. What they all share in common is that they can be considered as the‘urban poor’. That said, ‘urban poor’ is not a category but a social position,which is essential to understanding how vulnerability is framed in this study.Vulnerability is not a fixed, static category. Vulnerability emerges out of socialrelationships, identity, subjectivities and social positioning and can changeover time and according to context. For that reason, while I do exploregender as a social position, gender may not be what makes one vulnerablevis-à-vis someone in another subject position such as a Grama Niladhari(GN) or a ‘host community’. Gender matters, but to privilege gender as thesole cause of or reason for vulnerability with respect to obtaining tsunamicompensations ignores the social realities that individuals inhabit in theirown right and as members of families (Jackson 2003).Finally, social exclusion is not only confined to exclusion from statecompensation programmes but also to how other groups in Sri Lankansociety treat resettling families. By examining the circumstances of familieswho had yet to make the transition out of shelter sites, I show multiple formsof discrimination in the compensation and resettlement process, how thesystems and structures of political patronage are reproduced, and how socialand cultural perceptions and social networks within Sri Lankan societyenable or disable tsunami-affected families to resettle in a place of theirchoosing.By mid-2005, the number of individual temporary shelters housingtsunami-displaced families exceeded 59,500 in more than 400 camps across11 districts. The transitional shelter site tracking (TSST) 2 assessment team2The TSST project was funded in 2005 by OCHA/HIC and funded by UNICEF in 2006 and 2007.IOM and the American Red Cross funded a separate assessment in the Western Province in2007. The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) implemented all of the assessmentsover 3 years. The project ended in December 2007, not because the transitional siteswere all closed, but because of lack of funding.180
visited camps once every eight or nine months on behalf of care andmaintenance agencies to make sure that the sites were meeting standardsthat ‘allowed people to live in dignity’. The team inspected toilets to makesure they were clean, unclogged, and well lit at night, investigated whethersufficient drinking water was delivered in a timely fashion, that the site waswell-drained and was free of garbage, and so on. Where these infrastructurestandards were not met, the team filed a report for immediate follow-up. Theassessment team collected gender-disaggregated information including thenumber of female-headed households without an income and whether or notwomen residing at a site were consulted by donor agencies about new housingdesigns. However, only the most basic information about resettlement wascollected, which included:the number of families who were notified that a donor agency wasbuilding them a house,the number of families who received a grant to purchase a pieceof land for self-settlement, andthe number of families who have received neither type of assistanceChart 1: Closure of Transitional Shelter Sites - Southern ProvinceChart 1: Closure of Transitional Shelter Sites - - SouthernProvince605040305350423030Dec-0519201614108Aug-06Aug-070Galle Matara Hambantota181
Page 6:
AcknowledgementsOn behalf of the Ce
Page 9 and 10:
ContentsAcknowledgements...........
Page 12 and 13:
Common Threads in Resettlement Poli
Page 14 and 15:
institutions, such as the World Ban
Page 16 and 17:
high demand in the new, host locati
Page 18 and 19:
The focus on vulnerability also hig
Page 20 and 21:
Development projects often create g
Page 22:
6 ConclusionsThe papers in this vol
Page 25 and 26:
fõosldjka ;=,oS isÿfõ' CEPA wdh;
Page 27 and 28:
wj;ekaùfï fya;=j l=ula jqj;a" mqo
Page 29 and 30:
ixj¾Okh fya;=fjka wj;ekaùfïoS jk
Page 31 and 32:
n%kaf.a ksÍCIKhg wkqj" ieu wdldrhl
Page 33 and 34:
5 idOdrK yd iyNd.S;aj l%shdj,Skaby;
Page 35 and 36:
idOdrK iy iyNd.S;aj hk ,CIK j,ska h
Page 37 and 38:
tWik Muha;r;rp epiyak; mgptpUj;jpah
Page 39 and 40:
jk;ik epWtpf; nfhs;Sk; fl;lj;jpw;F
Page 41 and 42:
,t;tpj;jpahrj;jpy; ,k;%d;W ciufisAk
Page 43 and 44:
kw;nwhd;W Nkhjypd; gpd;du; nrhe;j ,
Page 47 and 48:
xt;nthU gpuptpduplKk; jdpj;jdpahf n
Page 50 and 51:
,lk;ngau;e;j r%ff; FOf;fspw;fpilapy
Page 53:
Chapter 1:Restoring Livelihoods
Page 56 and 57:
1 IntroductionThe Southern Transpor
Page 58 and 59:
livelihoods of the affected people
Page 60 and 61:
The RIP also sets out allowances fo
Page 62 and 63:
The replacement of agriculture land
Page 64 and 65:
like tea, rubber and cinnamon have
Page 66 and 67:
Retention of market networks is als
Page 68 and 69:
ReferencesAsian Development Bank. I
Page 70 and 71:
1 IntroductionCivil conflicts and d
Page 72 and 73:
By overcoming the data collection c
Page 74 and 75:
The above resettler’s income curv
Page 76 and 77:
these IDPs. We do not see the need
Page 78 and 79:
The next category is the Government
Page 80 and 81:
Table 1: Detailed description of an
Page 82 and 83:
of the household did find paid work
Page 84 and 85:
this village suffered a more advers
Page 86 and 87:
Frequency distributions of pre and
Page 88 and 89:
Government Servants who engage in o
Page 90 and 91:
displacement and arriving in Battic
Page 92 and 93:
evidence that Asset Holders suffere
Page 94 and 95:
Chambers, R., and Conway, G.R., 199
Page 96 and 97:
qualitative data collected from foc
Page 98 and 99:
3.2.1 Sampling plan for the follow-
Page 100 and 101:
The government had to identify land
Page 102 and 103:
Table 5.2: Housing situation of hou
Page 104 and 105:
5.1.2.1 Quality and durability of t
Page 106 and 107:
Table 5.8: Number of rooms per hous
Page 108 and 109:
electricity has significantly incre
Page 110 and 111:
Although the total fishing fleet ha
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 6.1: Cumulative percentages
Page 114 and 115:
7 Access to InfrastructureDamage to
Page 116 and 117:
Lack of, or difficult, access to in
Page 118 and 119:
Annex 1: Tsunami affected household
Page 120 and 121:
Ampara 2 Kalmunai Kalmunaikudi 2 6P
Page 123 and 124:
Conflict, Vulnerability and Long-te
Page 125 and 126:
hetoric of displacement and maintai
Page 127 and 128:
The educational performance of IDP
Page 129 and 130:
Most locals did not expect the IDPs
Page 131 and 132:
selected because they represent the
Page 133 and 134:
controversial. People with a certai
Page 135 and 136:
4 Re-examining VulnerabilityThe stu
Page 137 and 138:
IDPs and Hosts as Constitutive Cate
Page 139 and 140:
local integration processes and the
Page 141 and 142: 3 From Policy Categories to Labelli
Page 143 and 144: The homogenising effect of the labe
Page 145 and 146: assist the displaced eased the phas
Page 147 and 148: In the case of the northern Muslims
Page 149 and 150: people becoming forced migrants; lo
Page 151 and 152: A key example is how a joint intere
Page 153 and 154: labelled ‘IDPs’ or ‘hosts’.
Page 155 and 156: COHEN, R., 2007. Response to Hathaw
Page 157: Chapter 3:Ensuring Equitable andPar
Page 160 and 161: 1 IntroductionWorldwide experience
Page 162 and 163: component (HS&CD) of the project, b
Page 164 and 165: The LEI&CDP Resettlement Policy Fra
Page 166 and 167: (a)(b)(c)those who have formal lega
Page 168 and 169: Phase IV - Consolidation, Community
Page 170 and 171: Table 1: Resettlement Programme Tar
Page 172 and 173: Table 4: Providing infrastructure s
Page 174 and 175: 8 Issues and conclusionsIssuesAbout
Page 176 and 177: ReferencesADB (1995): Involuntary R
Page 178 and 179: 31 IntroductionThe Southern Transpo
Page 180 and 181: The participation and consultation
Page 182 and 183: In a majority of cases APs have bee
Page 184 and 185: During the implementation of LARC,
Page 186 and 187: decision making process has increas
Page 189 and 190: Left Behind: Post-tsunami Resettlem
Page 191: To complicate their lives even more
Page 195 and 196: (from 206 to 50 sites) and the shel
Page 197 and 198: In October and November 2007, the s
Page 199 and 200: nuclear family established through
Page 201 and 202: struggle. The joint family, which i
Page 203 and 204: camps, although having received com
Page 205 and 206: Even though these families were liv
Page 207 and 208: Sunil earns a living collecting and
Page 209 and 210: Property negotiations are tedious a
Page 211 and 212: still remained in transitional shel
Page 213 and 214: for government and NGOs alike to be
Page 215 and 216: With respect to the transparency of
Page 217 and 218: ReferencesABRAMS, P., 1988. Notes o
Page 219 and 220: ANNEX9th Annual Symposium on Povert
Page 221: EVICTEDThis 25-minute documentary p
show all

Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?

Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA