Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA

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ForewordCEPA’s annual symposium on poverty has now become a regular notableevent in the intellectual calendar of Sri Lanka. Over the years, participationin the symposium, which focuses on a particular aspect of poverty everyyear, has expanded. Although the main language of the symposium isEnglish, simultaneous translation of the proceedings into Sinhala and Tamilhas contributed to opening up the event and the body of knowledge to awider audience. This year’s symposium attracted over 80 people includingresearchers, academics, policy makers, university students, media personneland representatives of development agencies, interested and involved indisplacement and resettlement issues.The 9th symposium focused on involuntary displacement and resettlement.Large scale resettlement of people is nothing new to Sri Lanka. Irrigation ofthe dry zone and settlement of people in these areas became a significantdevelopment strategy of this country, some of it starting in the colonialperiod. The more significant projects were implemented in post-colonial SriLanka. The Accelerated Mahaweli Project remains one of the largestdevelopment projects ever undertaken by Sri Lanka.As the papers in the volume show, in recent times, involuntary displacementhas become complicated. A number of factors have contributed to it. Thecivil war that has ravaged the country for more than two decades, the 2004tsunami and large scale infrastructure projects have resulted in displacementand resettlement. In other words, Sri Lankan displacement has been due toconflict, natural disasters and development. This raises a complex set ofissues both in understanding the processes behind displacement, and in thesearch for policies and practices that deal with involuntary resettlement. It istherefore important to take into account different contexts in whichdisplacement occurs while also being conscious that varying resettlementpolicies and programmes can potentially aggravate inequities amongdifferent affected groups as well as among their host communities. Thisvolume is a contribution to this debate on improving policies and practicesfor all forms of displacement and resettlement.Sunil BastianFormer Chairman, CEPAvii
ContentsAcknowledgements............................................................................vForeword...........................................................................................viiContents...........................................................................................viiiIntroduction.......................................................................................1Common Threads in ResettlementPolicy and Practice.................................................................................1 ...........................................................................13 ...............................................25Chapter 1: Restoring Livelihoods.....................................................41Southern Transport Development Project: Experiences andLessons for Livelihood Restoration Assistance by Mansi Kumarasiri,Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA)........................................................43Displacement and Livelihoods:A Case Study from Sri Lanka by Rajith W.D. Lakshman andK. Amirthalingam,University of Colombo..........................................................................57Social and Economic Impacts of Resettlement on TsunamiAffected Coastal Fishery Households in Sri Lankaby Asha Gunewardene and Kanchana Wickramasinghe,Institute of Policy Studies (IPS)..............................................................83viii
Page 6: AcknowledgementsOn behalf of the Ce
Page 12 and 13: Common Threads in Resettlement Poli
Page 14 and 15: institutions, such as the World Ban
Page 16 and 17: high demand in the new, host locati
Page 18 and 19: The focus on vulnerability also hig
Page 20 and 21: Development projects often create g
Page 22: 6 ConclusionsThe papers in this vol
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Page 53: Chapter 1:Restoring Livelihoods
Page 56 and 57: 1 IntroductionThe Southern Transpor
Page 58 and 59:
livelihoods of the affected people
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The RIP also sets out allowances fo
Page 62 and 63:
The replacement of agriculture land
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like tea, rubber and cinnamon have
Page 66 and 67:
Retention of market networks is als
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ReferencesAsian Development Bank. I
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1 IntroductionCivil conflicts and d
Page 72 and 73:
By overcoming the data collection c
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The above resettler’s income curv
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these IDPs. We do not see the need
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The next category is the Government
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Table 1: Detailed description of an
Page 82 and 83:
of the household did find paid work
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this village suffered a more advers
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Frequency distributions of pre and
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Government Servants who engage in o
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displacement and arriving in Battic
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evidence that Asset Holders suffere
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Chambers, R., and Conway, G.R., 199
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qualitative data collected from foc
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3.2.1 Sampling plan for the follow-
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The government had to identify land
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Table 5.2: Housing situation of hou
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5.1.2.1 Quality and durability of t
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Table 5.8: Number of rooms per hous
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electricity has significantly incre
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Although the total fishing fleet ha
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Figure 6.1: Cumulative percentages
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7 Access to InfrastructureDamage to
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Lack of, or difficult, access to in
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Annex 1: Tsunami affected household
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Ampara 2 Kalmunai Kalmunaikudi 2 6P
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Conflict, Vulnerability and Long-te
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hetoric of displacement and maintai
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The educational performance of IDP
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Most locals did not expect the IDPs
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selected because they represent the
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controversial. People with a certai
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4 Re-examining VulnerabilityThe stu
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IDPs and Hosts as Constitutive Cate
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local integration processes and the
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3 From Policy Categories to Labelli
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The homogenising effect of the labe
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assist the displaced eased the phas
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In the case of the northern Muslims
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people becoming forced migrants; lo
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A key example is how a joint intere
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labelled ‘IDPs’ or ‘hosts’.
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COHEN, R., 2007. Response to Hathaw
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Chapter 3:Ensuring Equitable andPar
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1 IntroductionWorldwide experience
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component (HS&CD) of the project, b
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The LEI&CDP Resettlement Policy Fra
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(a)(b)(c)those who have formal lega
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Phase IV - Consolidation, Community
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Table 1: Resettlement Programme Tar
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Table 4: Providing infrastructure s
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8 Issues and conclusionsIssuesAbout
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ReferencesADB (1995): Involuntary R
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31 IntroductionThe Southern Transpo
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The participation and consultation
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In a majority of cases APs have bee
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During the implementation of LARC,
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decision making process has increas
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Left Behind: Post-tsunami Resettlem
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To complicate their lives even more
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visited camps once every eight or n
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(from 206 to 50 sites) and the shel
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In October and November 2007, the s
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nuclear family established through
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struggle. The joint family, which i
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camps, although having received com
Page 205 and 206:
Even though these families were liv
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Sunil earns a living collecting and
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Property negotiations are tedious a
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still remained in transitional shel
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for government and NGOs alike to be
Page 215 and 216:
With respect to the transparency of
Page 217 and 218:
ReferencesABRAMS, P., 1988. Notes o
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ANNEX9th Annual Symposium on Povert
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EVICTEDThis 25-minute documentary p
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