Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement â Policy and ... - CEPA

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Chambers, R., and Conway, G.R., 1992. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: PracticalConcepts for the 21st Century. Institute of Development Studies. DiscussionPaper 296. pp. 1-29.Deng, F. M., 1999. Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. InternationalMigration Review. 33(2). pp. 484-493.Goodhand, J., 2000. Research in Conflict Zones: Ethics and Accountability.Forced Migration Review. 8. pp. 12-15.Jacobsen, K., 2002. Livelihoods in Conflict: The Pursuit of Livelihoods by Refugeesand the Impact on the Human Security of Host Communities. InternationalMigration. 40(5). pp. 95-123.Korf, B., 2004. War, Livelihoods and Vulnerability in Sri Lanka. Development andChange. 35(2). pp. 275-95.Muggah, H. C. R., 2000. Conflict-Induced Displacement and Involuntary Resettlementin Colombia: Putting Cernea's IRLR Model to Test. Disasters. 24(3). pp. 198-216.Närman, A. and Vidanapathirana, U., 2005. Transition from Prolonged Conflictto Post Conflict Development: Locating the Case of Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka.Peace and Democracy in South Asia. 1(1). pp. 13-21.Siluvaithasan, A. S. and Stokke, K., 2006. Fisheries under Fire: Impacts of Warand Challenges of Reconstruction and Development in Jaffna Fisheries, Sri Lanka.Norwegian Journal of Geography. 60(2). pp. 240 - 248.UNHCR, 2000. Internally Displaced Persons: The Role of the United Nations HighCommissioner for Refugees. Refugee Survey Quarterly. 19(2). pp. 271-280.UNHCR, 2007. Statistical Summaries Compiled by UNHCR Sri Lanka. LastAccess: 30/10/2007.http://www.unhcr.lk/statistics/index.htmlVan Brabant, K., 1998. ‘Sri Lanka'. in J. Hampton (eds), Internally DisplacedPeople: A Global Survey. Earthscan, London.82
Social and Economic Impacts of Resettlement onTsunami Affected Coastal Fishery Households inSri LankaAsha Gunawardena 1 & Kanchana Wickramasinghe 2AbstractThe economy of the fisheries sector was devastated by the 2004 tsunami inSri Lanka, most particularly the coastal fisheries sector, the focus of thispaper. It examines the impact of post–tsunami policies related toresettlement, such as land ownership and housing, and other resettlementdecisions made by fisher households and the government. The paper alsolooks at current issues facing resettled households and how they have beenaffected in terms of livelihood restoration, housing conditions, access toinfrastructure facilities and services, and access to social networks. Thepaper puts forward some policy options to minimize such issues.The study uses data from the Tsunami Census of the Department of Censusand Statistics to understand the pre-tsunami conditions of the fisherhouseholds. A follow-up survey was carried out in the six most tsunamiaffected districts in the Southern and Eastern provinces, in July 2008, toobtain data on the post-tsunami socio economic situation. In addition,1Asha Gunewardene is a Research Officer attached to the Environmental Economic PolicyUnit of the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) in Sri Lanka. She has researched and published onareas such as common property, natural resource management, coastal fishery management,poverty and distributional impacts of policies and development interventions in the land sectorand socio- economic aspects of tsunami affected households. Asha has an MBA from the Universityof Moratuwa on Technology Management and has received training from the World Bank,South Asian Network of Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE) and CAPRInetwork of International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).2 Kanchana Wickramasinghe is a Research Officer working at the Environmental EconomicPolicy Unit of the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) of Sri Lanka. Her areas of interest includeenvironmental and natural resource economics and poverty. She holds a Master’s degree inEconomics from University of Colombo, and a post graduate diploma in ‘Universalizing SocioeconomicSecurity for the Poor’ from the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands.She has co-authored IPS publications on “Disaster Management Policy and Practice: SharingLessons among Government, Civil Society & Private Sector” and “Post Tsunami Reconstructionand Rehabilitation: Household Views on Progress and Process”.83
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AcknowledgementsOn behalf of the Ce
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ContentsAcknowledgements...........
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Common Threads in Resettlement Poli
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institutions, such as the World Ban
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high demand in the new, host locati
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The focus on vulnerability also hig
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Development projects often create g
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6 ConclusionsThe papers in this vol
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Page 53: Chapter 1:Restoring Livelihoods
Page 56 and 57: 1 IntroductionThe Southern Transpor
Page 58 and 59: livelihoods of the affected people
Page 60 and 61: The RIP also sets out allowances fo
Page 62 and 63: The replacement of agriculture land
Page 64 and 65: like tea, rubber and cinnamon have
Page 66 and 67: Retention of market networks is als
Page 68 and 69: ReferencesAsian Development Bank. I
Page 70 and 71: 1 IntroductionCivil conflicts and d
Page 72 and 73: By overcoming the data collection c
Page 74 and 75: The above resettler’s income curv
Page 76 and 77: these IDPs. We do not see the need
Page 78 and 79: The next category is the Government
Page 80 and 81: Table 1: Detailed description of an
Page 82 and 83: of the household did find paid work
Page 84 and 85: this village suffered a more advers
Page 86 and 87: Frequency distributions of pre and
Page 88 and 89: Government Servants who engage in o
Page 90 and 91: displacement and arriving in Battic
Page 92 and 93: evidence that Asset Holders suffere
Page 96 and 97: qualitative data collected from foc
Page 98 and 99: 3.2.1 Sampling plan for the follow-
Page 100 and 101: The government had to identify land
Page 102 and 103: Table 5.2: Housing situation of hou
Page 104 and 105: 5.1.2.1 Quality and durability of t
Page 106 and 107: Table 5.8: Number of rooms per hous
Page 108 and 109: electricity has significantly incre
Page 110 and 111: Although the total fishing fleet ha
Page 112 and 113: Figure 6.1: Cumulative percentages
Page 114 and 115: 7 Access to InfrastructureDamage to
Page 116 and 117: Lack of, or difficult, access to in
Page 118 and 119: Annex 1: Tsunami affected household
Page 120 and 121: Ampara 2 Kalmunai Kalmunaikudi 2 6P
Page 123 and 124: Conflict, Vulnerability and Long-te
Page 125 and 126: hetoric of displacement and maintai
Page 127 and 128: The educational performance of IDP
Page 129 and 130: Most locals did not expect the IDPs
Page 131 and 132: selected because they represent the
Page 133 and 134: controversial. People with a certai
Page 135 and 136: 4 Re-examining VulnerabilityThe stu
Page 137 and 138: IDPs and Hosts as Constitutive Cate
Page 139 and 140: local integration processes and the
Page 141 and 142: 3 From Policy Categories to Labelli
Page 143 and 144: The homogenising effect of the labe
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assist the displaced eased the phas
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In the case of the northern Muslims
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people becoming forced migrants; lo
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A key example is how a joint intere
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labelled ‘IDPs’ or ‘hosts’.
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COHEN, R., 2007. Response to Hathaw
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Chapter 3:Ensuring Equitable andPar
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1 IntroductionWorldwide experience
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component (HS&CD) of the project, b
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The LEI&CDP Resettlement Policy Fra
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(a)(b)(c)those who have formal lega
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Phase IV - Consolidation, Community
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Table 1: Resettlement Programme Tar
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Table 4: Providing infrastructure s
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8 Issues and conclusionsIssuesAbout
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ReferencesADB (1995): Involuntary R
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31 IntroductionThe Southern Transpo
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The participation and consultation
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In a majority of cases APs have bee
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During the implementation of LARC,
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decision making process has increas
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Left Behind: Post-tsunami Resettlem
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To complicate their lives even more
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visited camps once every eight or n
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(from 206 to 50 sites) and the shel
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In October and November 2007, the s
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nuclear family established through
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struggle. The joint family, which i
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camps, although having received com
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Even though these families were liv
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Sunil earns a living collecting and
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Property negotiations are tedious a
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still remained in transitional shel
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for government and NGOs alike to be
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With respect to the transparency of
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ReferencesABRAMS, P., 1988. Notes o
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ANNEX9th Annual Symposium on Povert
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EVICTEDThis 25-minute documentary p
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