HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

REGIONALISM AND POLITICAL THOUGHT 173their political thought. This is not because the two sentiments werealways distinct, but rather because they often reinforced one other.Study of Ukrainian regional sentiments is a subject traditionallybeset with passion and recently consigned to oblivion. Nineteenthcenturyantagonisms between Poles and Ukrainians ensured that thestatements and actions of nobles in the 1569 to 1648 period would beused as ammunition for national conflict. 12 Polish scholars emphasizedthe cultural, religious, and political assimilation of the Ruthenian eliteinto a higher culture, and saw this as a voluntary process that constitutedan irrevocable historical decision. Ukrainian scholars scrutinizedtexts to find Ruthenian patriotic statements, which occurred morefrequently in defense of the Rus' church than in debates over linguisticand political issues. The efforts of nineteenth- and early twentiethcenturyhistorians left a sizable, albeit scattered, legacy of publishedtexts. 13 Considerable study was done on the Ruthenian nobles' defenseof their faith and desire to retain their language. 14Finally, just beforethe First World War, the Polish noble who became a Ukrainianpatriot, Viacheslav Lypyns'kyi, devoted a major monograph to thepolitical culture of the old Ruthenian nobility. 15 It differed from earlierworks, which had taken the problem to be one of the Rutheniannobles' attitudes towards their language, culture, and religion. Due inpart to his own background, Lypyns'kyi was interested in the political12For a discussion of nationalist clashes over the Union of Lublin and itsconsequences, see Rhode, "Staaten-Union und Adelsstaat," pp. 186-89.13Texts can best be searched in L. le. Makhnovets', Davnia ukrains'ka literatura(XI-XVIII st. st.) (Kiev, 1960) (Ukrains'ki pys'mennyky: Biobibliohrafichnyi slovnyku p"iaty tomakh, 1). A considerable number of texts are published in WacławLipiński (Viacheslav Lypyns'kyi), ed., Z dziejów Ukrainy: Księga pamiątkowa. . . (Kiev, 1912), and Arkhiv Iugo-Zapadnoi Rossii. . . , 8 pts., 34 vols.(Kiev, 1859-1914). There are, of course, numerous documents in the vedomosti ofgubernias and eparchies that remain virtually unknown.14On defense of the faith, see P. N. Zhukovich, Seimovaia bor'ba pravoslavnogozapadno-russkogo dvorianstva s tserkovnoi uniei (do 1608) (St. Petersburg, 1901),and his Seimovaia bor'ba pravoslavnogo zapadno-russkogo dvorianstva s tserkovnoiuniei (s 1609), 6 pts. (St. Petersburg, 1902-1912); and Vasilii Bednov (Vasyl'Bidnov), Pravoslavnaia tserkov' ν Pol'she і Luve po "Volumina legum" (Katerynoslav,1908). The literature on the language issue is discussed in Martel, La languepolonaise dans les pays Ruthènes.15See Wacław Lipiński (Viacheslav Lypyns'kyi), "Z dziejów walki szlachtyukraińskiej w szeregach powstańczych pod wodzą Bohdana Chmielnickiego," inZ dziejów Ukrainy, pp. 157-328 (recently republished, together with a Ukrainiantranslation, as Uchast' shliakhty и velykomu ukrains'komupovstannipidprovodomHet'mana Bohdana Khmel'nyts'koho, ed. Lev R. Bilas [Philadelphia, 1980]).