Local Governance in Timor-Leste - Secretaria de Estado da Arte e ...

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stalled as Parliament debates the various issues involved (Borges 2010). It is yet to beseen what impact decentralisation will have on local governance in Timor-Leste—anissue I return to in chapter eight.At the local level, the konsellu de suku was established through Decree Law 5/2004by the Fretilin government, formally acknowledging the ongoing role of traditionalauthorities within the suku of Timor-Leste but with some modernising changes toencourage greater representation for women and young people. The konsellu de sukuis thus composed of a mixture of 'old' and 'new' institutional figures. The oldinstitutional figures include the xefe suku, all of the xefes aldeia, one suku elder andone lia-na'in. The new institutional figures include two women's representatives, andtwo youth representatives—one man, one woman. All members are directly electedby the people of the suku, except the lia-na'in, who is appointed during the firstmeeting of the konsellu de suku following election into office. As Decree Law 5/2004was intended as bridging legislation, it has since been replaced with Decree Law3/2009, following nation-wide consultation conducted by the Timor-Lestegovernment in late 2008. However, an ongoing issue for local governance since thekonsellu de suku was created continues to be a lack of resourcing, and subsequentdisempowerment, of the elected officials.As we trace through the various stages of foreign occupation in Timor-Leste, it isclear that the common thread for local governance and communal identity has beenthe centrality of kin-based groups bound together via lisan. Fieldwork stronglydemonstrates that this continues to be the case for local governance in independentTimor-Leste, as traditional institutions and dependencies flowing from theseinstitutions operate alongside democratic ideas of legitimacy. The question of how theinstitution of konsellu de suku fits into this broader governance environment is thefocus for the remainder of this thesis.107
SECTION TWO: EXAMINING LOCAL GOVERNANCE108
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Local Governance in Timor-Leste:The
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COPYRIGHT STATEMENT‘I hereby gran
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are some important points of tensio
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the Canossian sisters in Ainaro—M
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2.6 The Issues of Cross-Cultural Re
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure One: The Deve
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Tara banduUma kainUma lulikXefe Ald
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within, I had failed to recognise t
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anthropology of development (Shephe
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prefer the term 'local' to recognis
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evolve around ideas of traditional
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institution that is considered to b
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the case given the emphasis on cond
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Within these increasingly murky pol
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1.3 Case Study SitesVenilaleVenilal
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The reasons for choosing Venilale a
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and influences can have on the loca
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played out since decolonisation. Th
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geographically 'outwards' from uma
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CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWO
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2.1 FieldworkFieldwork was conducte
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marked differences in people's idea
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interactions between modern and tra
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then asking for advice on who else
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answer specific questions about how
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Every conversation and every experi
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discussions. This took a little tim
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crucial to the research question—
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CHAPTER THREE: CONCEPTUALISING POST
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epresentation through democratisati
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of coordination between these diffe
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equally problematic, as this succes
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government, and Huntington noted th
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Westernise. Equally, the specificit
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Page 77 and 78: To explain this point, he makes the
Page 79 and 80: provided by public policy" (Fukuyam
Page 81 and 82: Gramsci's account of hegemonic powe
Page 83 and 84: From this perspective, Gramsci's id
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Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Formation of Political Hybridit
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Page 119: these other factors reveal a more c
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Page 131 and 132: The centrality of the liurai house
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Page 135 and 136: order to meet their communal requir
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Page 141 and 142: epresentative. These political mech
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Page 145 and 146: democratisation has been seen to er
Page 147 and 148: Party politics has been one such po
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Page 151 and 152: Within this hybrid political enviro
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Page 155 and 156: authority figures in the aldeia, su
Page 157 and 158: As fieldwork progressed, it became
Page 159 and 160: kain), it is taken to the xefe and/
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Page 163 and 164: (March, 2008). In the absence of le
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of barlake that lay in the alliance
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functional, leaving them especially
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affiliation with political parties.
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xefe suku explained that the cost o
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that there is a combination of soci
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SECTION THREE: SHAPING LOCAL GOVERN
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automatically become part of the lo
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ecent Shadow Report to CEDAW, which
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Governance must be for something, a
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power within Timorese communities.
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Such structural constraints, howeve
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Across every suku in Venilale and A
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was built for their most remote ald
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While community members may attempt
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networks that use such animistic ri
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strongman, who operated in Venilale
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the community are captured or diver
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strongman specifically uses institu
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CHAPTER EIGHT: BRINGING IT BACK TO
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communities have created various fo
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However, while incoming resources c
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of fundamental importance in consid
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APPENDIX A: LIST OF INTERVIEWEESVEN
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APPENDIX B: MAP OF TIMOR-LESTESourc
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APPENDIX D: POLITICAL MAP OF SUBDIS
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BINNS, T. (2006) 'Doing Fieldwork i
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CHESTERMAN, S. (2002) 'East Timor i
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DEGNBOL-MARTINUSSEN, J. (2002) 'Dev
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Lincoln, Y. (Eds.) The Landscape of
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GRENFELL, L. (2006) 'Legal Pluralis
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HOWARTH, D. (2000) Discourse, Bucki
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LANDMAN, T. & HAUSERMANN, J. (2003)
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MERRY, S. E. (1988) 'Legal Pluralis
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OSPINA, S. & HOHE, T. (2001) Tradit
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RUDOLPH, L. I. (1965) 'The Modernit
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THAKUR, R. & VAN LANGENHOVE, L. (20
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WORK, R. (2002) 'Overview of Decent
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