This page left blank for notesVegetation of <strong>Sumter</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 <strong>NatureServe</strong>xix
ALLIANCES BY US NATIONAL VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION HIERARCHYI. <strong>Forest</strong>I.A.8.C.x. Planted/cultivated temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen forestI.A.8.C.X. PINUS STROBUS PLANTED FOREST ALLIANCE (A.98)EASTERN WHITE PINE PLANTED FOREST ALLIANCEALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This alliance contains plantations of Pinus strobus that are maintained for the extraction of forest products. The canopyof these stands is usually dense, and the natural vascular species ground layer vegetation may be sparse to absent. Stands of Pinusstrobus have been widely planted throughout the northeastern and upper midwestern United States. Pinus strobus is susceptible to avariety of diseases, including White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola) and Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis),which has limited some of its commercial use.Related Concepts:• Eastern White Pine: 21 (Eyre 1980) IClassification Comments: On the Daniel Boone <strong>National</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> of Kentucky, Pinus strobus plantings are of limited extent, and arerelated to wildlife plantings. There has been some damage from the Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis).ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This alliance is found in the Appalachian Mountain regions of Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina,Tennessee, and Virginia. It also occurs in the northeastern and upper midwestern U.S. and Ontario, Canada.Subnations: GA, KY, MD, NC, NH, NY, PA, SC, TN, VATNC Ecoregions: 47:C, 48:C, 50:C, 51:C, 61:C, 63:CUSFS Ecoregions: 212:C, 221Ai:CCC, 221He:CCC, M212:C, M221Aa:CCC, M221Ce:CCC, M221Dc:CCC, M221Dd:CCPFederal Lands: USFS (Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Daniel Boone, George Washington, Jefferson, Nantahala, Pisgah, <strong>Sumter</strong>)References: Eyre 1980ALLIANCE SOURCESI.A.8.C.X. PINUS TAEDA PLANTED FOREST ALLIANCE (A.99)LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTED FOREST ALLIANCEALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This alliance represents young, monospecific plantation stands of Pinus taeda. These are cultivated forests and are notconsidered natural or near-natural vegetation. They are plantations in the strictest sense, typically managed under a regime in whichmost of the characteristics and attributes of a natural forest are absent. The core concept of these stands are those which supportdense, often perfect rows of planted Pinus taeda or otherwise dense, young, stands which are managed and maintained for theextraction of forest products, especially pulpwood. In most cases these stands support almost no other tree species in the overstory,and typically very little understory. This association rarely exceeds 20-40 years of age and, with more intensive management, theserotation may be shortened even further. Stands are typically established with artificial regeneration, often using genetically improvedtree stock. Excluded from this alliance are former plantation stands which have "broken up" with age or management to approximate amore natural structure and composition. Dense planting in rows, if successful, tends to result in nearly complete canopy closure whichpersists until the stand has either been regenerated or transitions into a different association. Herbaceous ground cover of any kindtends to be sparse due to reduction during site preparation, the typically dense canopy cover, and to the fact that many youngplantations are infrequently burned at best.Related Concepts:• Pinus taeda / Rhus copallina planted forest alliance (Hoagland 1998a) ?• Loblolly Pine: 81 (Eyre 1980) IClassification Comments: NoneALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This alliance is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and possibly Virginia.Subnations: AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA?TNC Ecoregions: 38:C, 39:C, 40:C, 41:C, 42:P, 43:C, 44:C, 50:C, 51:C, 52:C, 53:C, 56:P, 57:C, 58:PUSFS Ecoregions: 221Jb:CCC, 222C:CC, 222E:CC, 231Aa:CCC, 231B:CC, 231Ca:CPP, 231Cd:CPP, 231E:CC, 232Bm:CCC,232Br:CCC, 232Ca:CCC, 232Cb:CCC, 232Ce:CCC, 234A:CC, M221D:CC, M222A:CC, M231A:CCVegetation of <strong>Sumter</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 <strong>NatureServe</strong>1
- Page 3: 1 NatureServe is an international o
- Page 11 and 12: types. However, when necessary, mod
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- Page 15 and 16: Generally 5 or fewer occurrences an
- Page 17 and 18: All scientific names for vascular s
- Page 19 and 20: Summary: A short description of the
- Page 21: Loucks, O. 1996. 100 years after Co
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- Page 27 and 28: virginiana, Juniperus virginiana va
- Page 29 and 30: • Appalachian pine-oak forest (Ev
- Page 31 and 32: • Maritime Oak - Holly Forest / W
- Page 33 and 34: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
- Page 35 and 36: Related Concepts:• Yellow-Poplar:
- Page 37 and 38: virginiana, Sanicula canadensis, De
- Page 39 and 40: Federal Lands: COE (Claiborne Lake)
- Page 41 and 42: ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard
- Page 43 and 44: Quercus alba and Quercus velutina a
- Page 45 and 46: USFS Ecoregions: 221Hc:CCC, 221He:C
- Page 47 and 48: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
- Page 49 and 50: USFS Ecoregions: 221Eb:PP?, M221Ab:
- Page 51 and 52: Federal Lands: NPS (Great Smoky Mou
- Page 53 and 54: the associated species. More Appala
- Page 55 and 56: ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This al
- Page 57 and 58: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ha:CCC, 221Hc:C
- Page 59 and 60: elevation environments such as Leio
- Page 61 and 62: CULTIVATED FORESTEASTERN WHITE PINE
- Page 63 and 64: Federal Lands: DOD (Arnold, Fort Be
- Page 65 and 66: does not occur on wet soils. It occ
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- Page 69 and 70: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
- Page 71 and 72: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
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Similar Associations:• Pinus echi
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• Pinus echinata - Quercus stella
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this association occurs in edaphica
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Vegetation: This forest typically h
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strobus can have high coverage and
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CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
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• Quercus alba - Carya alba / Euo
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muehlenbergii. In addition, Acer ba
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WHITE OAK - MOCKERNUT HICKORY / AME
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CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
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Vegetation: This association encomp
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ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This com
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• Quercus prinus - Carya spp. - Q
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catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eu
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ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
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High-ranked species: No information
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Dynamics: No informationSimilar Ass
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protrusa, Grammitis nimbata (= Micr
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ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This for
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COMMON WATER-WILLOW HERBACEOUS VEGE
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• Betula nigra - Platanus occiden
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Formation: Temporarily flooded temp
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epeated flooding, this community ma
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USFS Ecoregions: 221Ba:CCC, 221Ha:C
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Classification Comments: On the Ban
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Classification Comments: This veget
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BIBLIOGRAPHYALNHP [Alabama Natural
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DeYoung, H. R. 1979. The white pine
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Gettman, R. W. 1974. A floristic su
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Lea, C. 2002a. Vegetation classific
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Pittman, Dr. Albert. Personal commu
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Tobe, J. D., J. E. Fairey, III, and